432010990-School-as-a-Social-System.pptx

THIS IS INTENDED FOR PED 9 SUBJECT ONLY

1. School as a social system

2. Social System  A set of interrelated elements functioning as a unit to achieve a specific purpose. Hanson (1996) There is interaction between the elements and forces in the internal and external environments of the system. Hanson (1996) 

3. The mass network of communication with people (Vermeer, 2006).  Concept A plurality of individuals interacting with each other according to shared cultural norms and meanings, made up of interactions structured by cultural factors

4. school A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students (or "pupils") under the direction of teachers. A school was identified as social system. There are group of people who interact with each other in order to achieve the same goal and interacting with the outside community. ( Lunenberg , 1995)

5. S chool is an open social system. It has parts, and the parts interact within the internal environment and in response to elements in the external environment.

6. systems perspective There are three type of system perspectives: Rational System: A Machine Model Natural System: An Organic Model Open System: An Integration

7. Social Systems Model: Key Assumptions   Social systems are open systems . Social systems consists of interdependent parts, which interact with each other and the environment. Social systems are goal oriented . Social systems are peopled . Social systems have structure . Social systems are political . Social systems have cultures . Social systems have norms.

8. T he Basic Social System model for schools Inputs Teaching and Learning Process Outputs Feedback Environments    

9. Inputs The human, material, financial, or information resources used in the teaching and learning process  Teaching and Learning Process The interaction between and among the parts    Outputs The graduates and/or services produced 

10. Feedback Information concerning the outputs or the teaching and learning process that influences decision making and the selection of inputs during the next academic year    Environment The external environment of the school including the social, political, and economic forces that impinge on the school’s operation 

11. Key Elements of the School as a Social System Schools are social systems with the following key parts Structure : roles are expectations of positions that are arranged in a hierarchy . Individual : the individual is a key unit in any social system; regardless of position , people bring with them individual needs, beliefs, and a cognitive understandings of the job . Culture : represents the unwritten feeling part of the organizations ,its shared values.

12. Politics: informal power relations that develop spontaneously. Core: the teaching-learning process is the technical core of schools. Environment: everything outside the organization; source of inputs. Outputs: the products of the organizations, e. g. educated students. Feedback: communication that monitors behavior. Effectiveness: the congruence between expected and actual outcomes.

13. School as a social system School as social system (open system) – interplay of influence of the society, community, politics, history, administrator, teacher, students There’re individuals involved : teacher , learners, administrators, students They have needs, beliefs , dependent on the level of cognition to have knowledge, understand tasks and display the desired behavior

14. Culture - dynamic relationship of bureaucracy, individual needs and job environment. Share common values, beliefs , thoughts. Give commitment, share spirit of togetherness, respect A school as a bureaucratic organization a structure with many levels to undertake duties . Each has different expectations and roles.

15. Political implications - certain individuals attempt to exercise influence, sometimes informal and weather it comes from legitimate authority  Environment – external sources that have implications , regulations , economy, demography, technological trends. Have to consider at moderate level for school to function effectively

16. School as a social system A social system can be formal or informal, school have a formal process and it is an open system where the school consistently interacts with environment. S chool as a social system uses different resources from environment these are human , financial, physical and information. Human resources are staffs and laborers, financial resources are capital used for its operation.

17. School as a social system Physical resources needed in school are learning materials , equipment and facilities. Information resources in schools are the input from education experts and school curricula. Transformation process occurs when school administration coordinate various resources to attain set objectives ,that is better learning outcomes for all.

18. Transformation occurs when students and teachers meet to fulfill the overall school objectives. Students are molded to become better citizens and contribute meaningfully to the society.

19. A school as an social system is different from another system because of the transformation process. In schools the inputs are students and the output are graduates and meaningful citizens of the society. Therefor the system takes resources from the environment, transform them according to the need of the environment .

20. Thank you .