4B Core Ethical Teachings 2021 (Halal & Haram)

4B Core Ethical Teachings 2021 (Halal & Haram)

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9Good, Evil and Human Nature
9Islamic Jurisprudence: Law and Ethics in Islam
9Legal and Ethical Boundaries
9Process of Islamic Jurisprudence
9Determining Halal and Haram Today
9Case Study: Organ Transplant
9Case Study: IVF

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In this topic, students will,
Specific for SoRand SaC
?P3 -investigate religious traditions and belief systems
?P4 -examine significant aspects of religious traditions
?P5 -describe the influence of religious traditions in the life of
adherents
?P8 -use appropriate terminology related to religion and belief
systems

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Use this slide to make comparisons
Haram
?English meaning:
unlawful (sinful)
?Any action forbidden
by Allah in the Quran
or by the prophet. Any
action against the
spirit of Islam
Halal
?English meaning:
Lawful
?Any action which is
approved by the
Quran or the express
approval or silence
from the prophet

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?All meat may be eaten
with the exception of:
...dead meat, and blood,
and the flesh of swine, and
that on which any other
name has been invoked
besides that of God. But if
one is forced by necessity,
without wilful disobedience,
nor transgressing due limits,
then he is guiltless. For God
is Oft-forgiving Most
0HUFLIXO4XUDQ

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?The second criterion is
the way in which the
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and is taken
?When the animal is
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needs to be said
?This can be done by a
Muslim, Christian or
Jew
?The animal must be cut
at the jugular vein and
drained of blood

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?The knife should be
hidden from the
animal
?The slaughtering
should not be done
in the sight of other
animals so not to
cause unnecessary
stress

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?A fatwa is an Islamic ruling.
?Fatwas have been issued
within each school of
thought throughout the
history of Islam.
?These fatwas are followed
today by Muslims within their
madhab.
?For new matters that arise,
judgments are made by
leading religious authorities,
who issue fatwas, or
nonbinding religious
opinions.

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?A religious scholar who makes a
fatwa is called a mufti.
?A mufti looks within the legal
rulings and principles of their
own school of thought to reach
a judgement.
?These legal rulings and
principles were derived
throughout Islamic history,
commencing with the four great
scholars who initially used the
four sources of Islamic law.

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?Muftis today use these rulings and
principles, rather than the four
sources of Islamic law, since the great
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and hadith to derive the principles
needed for issuing fatwas.
?A mufti interprets whether a
behaviouror action falls into one of
these five categories, according to the
Islamic shariah:
?obligatory (fardor wajib)
?recommended (sunnah)
?permitted (halal)
?disliked but not forbidden
(makruh)
?forbidden (haram)

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?A fatwa is taken seriously if it is
given by qualified jurists and is
accepted by a significant number of
jurists.
?Having one jurist declare a fatwa on
a particular topic does not mean
that all Muslims will follow by
default.
?There can be various fatwas on the
same matter.
?Usually, a majority view emerges
when the majority of scholars agree
on the same opinion.
?This would later become a
consensus over time.

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?For example, the first
fatwa on medically
assisted reproduction
was delivered on March
23, 1980.
?This fatwa has been
upheld by other fatwas
issued since 1980 in
Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and
other Muslim countries,
and has achieved wide
acceptance by the Muslim
community.

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?Muftis draw on principles of
Islamic jurisprudence from
within his/her school of
thought
?For example:
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person is permitted to choose
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upon the sick to seek
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saving of one life is regarded
DVWKHVDYLQJRIDOOKXPDQLW\

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?The mufti ascertains the
supremacy of the principles to
derive what best applies for
the new matter and produce a
fatwa.
Islamic Ruling (Fatwa)
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person to donate part of the
body such as the kidneys to
save the life of another,
provided that the organ
donated would not endanger
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PLJKWKHOSWKHUHFLSLHQW

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Sunnah since the principles used were
derived from these sources of law.
For example:
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another soul being involved or for
causing corruption in the earth, it shall
be as if he had killed all mankind and
whosoever saves the life of one it shall
be as if he had saved the life of all
PDQNLQG(5:32)
?Sunnah
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difficulty, God will help him through his
GLIILFXOWLHVRQWKH'D\RI-XGJHPHQW
(Muslim, 2699).

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?Muftis draw on principles of
Islamic jurisprudence from
within his/her school of thought
For example:
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to remove harm from another
individual, it is impermissible for
one to harm himself).
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prohibition conflict with the
evidences of permissibility,
preference is given to
SURKLELWLRQ

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Islamic Ruling (Fatwa)
?In view of the above and
other evidences, it is
unlawful to transplant
organs, whether it be of a
living person or a dead
body, and whether there is a
need or otherwise. In other
words, there is no
permissibility whatsoever
for the transplantation or
donation of organs.

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?This ruling corroborates with the
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used were derived from these sources
of law.
For example:
?Quran
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?Hadith
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person is similar (in sin) to
breaking the bone of a living
SHUVRQ(Abu Dawud).
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death is similar to harming him in
KLVOLIH(Abu Shayba).

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?Muftis draw on principles of
Islamic jurisprudence from
within their school of thought
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GLIILFXOW\DQGFRQVWULFWLRQ
?7KHQHFHVVLW\WRUHIUDLQ
from causing harm to
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corruption over attaining
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?Islamic Ruling (Fatwa): IVF is
permissible

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and Sunnah since the principles used
were derived from these sources of law.
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water, then He has established
relationships of lineage and
marriage, for your Lord has power
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?Origin preservation is an essential
objective of Islamic law.
?Hadith
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created, except that he has also
FUHDWHGLWVWUHDWPHQW(Hadith)
?Infertility is considered a disease.

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?Islamic law and ethics is a means for Muslims of pleasing God and purifying
themselves
?The four great scholars of the four Sunni schools of thought derived Islamic legal
rulings and principles from the four sources of Islamic law:
?4XUDQ
?Sunnah
?Ijma
?Qiyas
?These legal rulings and principles formed four separate madhabs/schools of thought
?Today muftis use the legal rulings from within their school of thought to issue fatwas
on new matters
?Sunni Muslims generally follow one of these madhabs for their ethical rulings

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