5. Banana, grapes,guava- for education program for get

Ppt

1. PESTS OF BANANA, GRAPEVINE,
GUAVA
Lec5

2. 1.Rhizomeweevil Cosmopolitessordidus Curculionidae Coleoptera
2.PseudostemborerOdoiporuslongicollis Curculionidae Coleoptera
3.Bananaaphid Pentalonianigronervosa Aphididae Hemiptera
4.Lacewingbugs Stephanitistypicus Tingidae Hemiptera
5.Thrips
Helionothripskadaliphilus,
Thripsflorum,
Chaetanothripssignipennis
Thripidae Thysanoptera
6.Scale Aspidiotusdestructor Diaspididae Hemiptera
7.Leaffeeder Oleparicini Arctiidae Lepidoptera
8.TobaccocaterpillarSpodopteralitura Noctuidae Lepidoptera
9.Bagworm Kophenecuprea Psychidae Lepidoptera
BANANA

3. Rhizome weevil:Cosmopolites sordidus
Curculionidae:Coleoptera
Distribution
India, South East Asia, Australia, South Africa and Tropical America
Host range
Banana and cocoa
Biology
Egg period:5-8 days, 30-50 eggs/ female
Eggs laid in small burrow made on the plant at
ground level.
Grub:25 days
Apodus and yellowish with
reddish head
Pupal: 6 days
Pupation: pupal chamber near the surface of
corm and change into pupa
Adult:
Black coloured
weevil
Longevity: one year

4. Rhizome weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus
F: Curculionidae; O: Coleoptera
Symptoms:
The grub causes death of unopened pipe and withering of outer leaves.
Grubs bore into the rhizome and cause death of the plants

6. Management
Trap adult weevil with pseudostem chopped into small pieces in a pot and place 15 pots/
ha
Uproot and destroy the infested rhizomes from the field
Use pest free suckers for planting
Apply carbofuran 3 G 10 g/ plant at the time of planting
By paring and pralinage method apply carbofuran 3 G 10 g or phorate 10 G 5g or
carbaryl 10 D10-20g/ plant at planting
Avoid growing Robusta, Karpooruvally, Malbhog, Champa and Adukkar
Grow less susceptible varieties like Poovan, Kadali, Kunnan, Poomkalli
Use cosmolure trap at 5/ha

8. Pseudostemborer: Odoiporuslongicollis
Curculionidae: Coleoptera
Distribution
India and South East Asia
Host range
Banana
Biology
Egg period: 3-5 days
Eggs laid in the area of the pseudostem about 1-
1.5 metres above the ground level
Grub:27 days
Apodus grub
Pupal: : 24 days
Pupation: inside the tunnel towards the
periphery
Adult:
Reddish brown and
black weevil

10. 2. Pseudostemborer, Odoiporuslongicollis
F: Curculionidae; O: Coleoptera
Symptoms:
The grub makes bore holes and tunnels in the pseudostem
and causes wilting of the plant

11. IPM
Remove dried leaves periodically and keep the field clean
Prune the side suckers every month
Use healthy and pest free suckers to check the pest incidence
Spray monocrotophos 36 SL @ 0.036%
Pseudostem injection-Dilute 150 ml of monocrotophos 36 SL with 350 ml of water and
inject 4ml ( 2ml at 45 cm from ground level; another 2ml at 150 cm from ground level)
in the pseudostem at monthly intervals from 5 to 8 month
Do not dump infested materials into manure pit
Uproot infested trees, chop into pieces and burn
Administer stem injection of neem Azal at 4:4 with water, swabbing with neem Azal
4 per cent, pseudostem injection of dimethoate at 1:5 with water

12. Banana aphid: Pentalonia nigronervosa
Aphididae: Hemiptera
Distribution
Australia, India and Srilanka
Host range
Banana, cardamom and Caladiumsp
Biology
Reproduction by parthenogenesis
Adult -winged and wingless forms
Winged adults are with black veined wings
32-50 young ones produced /female
Four instars –8-9 days
* Vector –bunchy top of
banana

13. Banana aphid, Pentalonianigronervosa
F: Aphididae; O: Hemiptera
Symptoms:
Nymphs and adults are vectors of bunchy top disease
They are seen in colonies on leaf axils and pseudostem

14. Management
Destroy diseased plants with rhizome
Spray methyl demeton 25 EC 0.05% or monocrotophos 36 SL 0.072%
Direct the spray towards the crown and pseudostem base upto ground level at 21
days interval at least thrice
Inject monocrotophos 36 SL 1ml/plant (1ml diluted in 4 ml of water) at 45 days
interval from the 3
rd
month till flowering
Avoid injection of monocrotophos after flowering
Encourage activity of predators: Scymnus, Chilomenes sexmaculatus, Chrysoperla
carneaand other coccinellids; entomopathogens, Beauveria bassiana

15. Lacewing bugs: Stephanitistypicus
Tingidae: Hemiptera
•Distribution and status: India, SE Asia, Japan and Korea
•Host range: Banana, ginger, turmeric, cardamom and jasmine
•Damage symptoms: Both nymphs and adults feed in colonies on
undersurface of leaves and cause discolouration.
•Bionomics: Adults are small, dull-coloured or white bugs with
transparent shiny lace-like reticulate wings, nymphs are black
coloured.
•Management: Spray methyl demeton 25 EC or dimethoate
or monocrotophos 36 SL1.5 -2.0 L or quinalphos 25 EC 3.0
–4.0 L in 1500-2000 L of water per ha

16. Fruit rust thrips: Chaetanaphothripssignipennis,
Flower thrips: Thrips florum,
Leaf thrips: Helionothripskadaliphilus,
Panchaetothripsindicus,
Thripidae: Thysanoptera
•Both nymphs and adults lacerate and suck sap from leaves and
fruits, which results in yellowing of leaves and corky scab
formation on fruits.

18. Banana Skipper, Erionotathrax,
Hesperiidae,Lepidoptera
Leaf rolling and defoliation
Larvae-covered with white powdery mass
and have constricted neck
Adults-hooked antenna

19. Other pests
Fruit fly: Bactrocera dorsalis, Tephritidae: Diptera
Scale: Aspidiotus destructor, Diaspididae: Hemiptera
Spittle bug: Phymatostetha deschampsi, Cercopidae:Hemiptera
Leaf caterpillar: Spodoptera litura, Noctuidae: Lepidoptera
Leaf beetle: Nodostoma subcostatum, Eumolphidae: Coleoptera

20. PESTS OF GRAPES

21. 1.Grapevine stem girdler
Stheniasgrisator
Cerambycidae Coleoptera
2.Grape vine flea beetle
Scelodontastrigicollis
Eumolpidae Coleoptera
3.Grapevine thrips
Rhipiphorothripscruentatus
Thripidae Thysanoptera
4.Grapevine mealy bug
Maconellicoccushirsutus
PseudococcidaeHemiptera
5.Leaf roller
Sylepta lunalis
Crambidae Lepidoptera
6.Sphingid
Hippotioncelerio
Sphingidae Lepidoptera
7.Leaf miner
Phyllocnististoparcha
GracillariidaeLepidoptera
8.Plume moth
Oxyptilusregulus
PterophoridaeLepidoptera
9.Fruit sucking moth
Eudocimaspp.
Acanthodelta(Achaea) janata
Noctuidae Lepidoptera

22. Stem girdler: Sthenias grisator
Cerambycidae: Coleoptera
Distribution
India and Srilanka
Host range
Grapevine, Rose, Jamun, Almond, Cashew nut, Guava, Jack, Mango and Crotons,
Biology Egg period: 8 days
Eggs –oval and enveloped in a white
parchment like covering
Eggs laid in between barks and sapwood
Grub:7-8 months
Dark brown head and
mouth with prominent
mandibles
Pupal:
Pupation: inside the tunnel
Adult
Greyish brown beetle with
white and brown irregular
marking resembling the
bark colour
Elytra:elliptical greyish
median spot and an eye
shaped patch
BORER

23. Stem girdler, Sthenias grisator
F: Cerambycidae; O: Coleoptera
Symptoms:
•The beetle girdles the bark of the stem and inserts the eggs
underneath the bark. Due to girdling, death of the branch or
entire vine occurs
•Grub bores into the dried up portions

24. Management
Remove loose bark at the time of pruning to prevent egg laying
Collect and destroy damaged plant parts
Swab trunk with carbaryl 50 WP 2g/ lit
Insecticides: phosalone 35 EC 0.07% or quinalphos 25 EC 0.05% or carbaryl 50 WP 0.1%,
first round immediately after pruning and repeat it 2-3 times

25. Flea beetle: Scelodonta strigicollis
Eumolphidae: Coleoptera
Distribution
All over India
Host range
Grapevine, Sapota, Guava and Ber
Biology
LEAF FEEDER
Egg period:4 -8 days
Eggs laid beneath the bark in groups of 20
–40.
Fecundity: 220 –569 eggs/ female
Pupal:7-11 days
Pupation: in an earthen
cell
Grub:34-45 days
Adult:
Shiny beetle with a
metallic bronze
colour and black
patches on elytra

26. 2. Flea beetle, Scelodontastrigicollis
F: Eumolpidae; O: Coleoptera
Symptoms:
•The adults bite small holes on tender leaves (shot holes)
and the root is damaged by the grubs

27. Management
Remove the loose bark at the time of pruning to prevent egg laying
Shake vines to dislodge adult beetles into trays containing kerosenated water and
destroy them
Insecticide:phosalone 35 EC 0.07% after pruning

28. SAP FEEDERS
Thrips: Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus
Thripidae: Thysanoptera
Distribution
All over India
Host range
Grapevine, Rose, Jamun, Almond, Cashew nut, Guava, and Mango
Biology
* Pupal hibernation in soil in North
India
Egg period: 3-8 days
Eggs laid on the undersurface of leaves.
Fecundity: 50 eggs/ female
Nymph:9-20 days
Reddish to yellowish
brown in colour
Pupal:2-5 days
Pupation: on leaves
Adult:
Minute, blackish
brown with yellowish
wings

29. Management
Collect and destroy damaged leaves, fruits and flowers
Insecticides:methyl demeton 25 EC or 0.05% or dimethoate 30 EC
0.06%

30. Mealy bug: Maconellicoccus hirsutus
Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera
Distribution
All over India
Host range
Grapevine, Mulberry, Guava, Custard Apple, Okra, Tamarind,
Glyricidia and Hibiscus
Biology
350 –500 eggs deposited in a loose cottony terminal ovisac
Eggs –orange in colour
Egg period: 5-10 days
Crawlers –orange in colour
Female –three instars
Male –four instars
Adult –pinkish and sparsely covered with white wax

31. Management
Debark vines and branches and apply quinalphos paste
Use sticky traps on fruit –bearing shoots at a length of 5 cm
Collect damaged bark, leaves, twigs and stems along with mealy bug colonies and destroy
Use dichlorvos 76 WSC 0.15% in combination with fish oil rosin soap (25g//) as spray or
dipping fruits for 2 min
Release exotic predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri@ 10 beetles/vine, 3 releases depending
on mealy bug population
Insecticides:dimethoate 30 EC plus kerosene oil at 150 ml plus 250 ml respectively in 100
ml of water or carbaryl 50WP 0.05% or malathion 50 EC 0.1% or monocrotophos 36 SL
0.072%
Apply quinalphos dust in the soil at 25 kg/ ha to kill phoretic ants
Parasitoids: Anagrus dactylopii, Allotropa sp nr. japonica, Alamella flava

32. Leaf roller, Sylepta lunalis
F: Pyraustidae; O: Lepidoptera

33. Sphingid, Hippotion celerio
F: Sphingidae; O: Lepidoptera

34. Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata;
F: Pseudococcidae; O: Hemiptera

36. Other pests
Leaf miner: Phyllocnistis toporcha, Gracillariidae: Lepidoptera
Chaffer beetle:Adoretus lasiopygus,Rutelidae: Coleoptera
Berry thrips: Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thripidae: Thysanoptera
Plume moth: Oxyptilus regulus, Pterophoridae: Lepidoptera
Whitefly: Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera
Castor semilooper:Achaea janata, Noctuidae: Lepidoptera

37. Pests of Guava

38. Major pests
1. Tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Miridae Hemiptera
2. Fruitfly Bactrocera (Dacus) diversus Tephritidae Diptera
3. Fruit borer Virachola(Duodorix)isocrates,
Rapala varuna
Lyceanidae Lepidoptera
4. Fruit borer/ Castor
capsule borer
Conogethespunctiferalis Crambidae Lepidoptera
5. Mealy bug Ferrisiavirgata,
Maconellicoccushirsutus
Pseudococcidae Hemiptera
6. Spiraling whitefly Aleurodicusdispersus Aleyrodidae Hemiptera
7. Aphids Aphis gossypii Aphididae Hemiptera
8. Scarlet mite Brevipapusphoenicis Tenuipalpidae Acari
Minor pests
9. Guava scale Chloropulivinaria psidii Coccidae Hemiptera
10 Bark caterpillar Indarbela tetraonis Metarbelidae Lepidoptera
11.Whitefly Aleurotuberculatus psidii Aleyrodidae Hemiptera
12.Thrips Selenothrips rubrocinctus Thripidae Hemiptera

39. Tea mosquito bug: Helopeltis antonii
Miridae: Hemiptera
Distribution
India, Srilanka, Vietnam and Indonesia
Host range
Tea, Guava, Grapevine, Cashew, Neem,
Cinchona, Pepper, Tamarind and Cinnamon
Biology
Egg period: 5-7 days
White in colour
Nymphal: 10 days
reddish brown in colour
Adult:
Small, active elongatereddish
brown bug with black or olive
green head, red thorax and black
and white abdomen.

41. Management
Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts
Insecticides:malathion 50 EC 0.2% at bimonthly interval at the
time of flowering
Damage symptoms
Nymphs and adults make punctures on petiole, tender shoots and fruits
Brownish –black necrotic patches develop on foliage
Elongate streaks and patches develop on shoots
Rusty / Corky scab formation on fruits

42. Guava fruit fly: Bactroceradiversus
Tephritidae: Diptera
Distribution
India, Pakistan, South East Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia, China and Taiwan.
Host range
Mango, Citrus, Guava, Sapota, Banana, Mango, Jack and Ber
Biology
Egg period: 3-10 days
Eggs laid in clusters in the soft skin of fruits
Maggot: 29 days
Creamy white in colour
Pupal: : 6-44 days
Pupation: soil
Adult:
Brown or dark
brown with hyaline
wings and yellow
legs

43. Symptoms
•Maggots bore into fruits and feed on soft pulp.
•The infested fruits show small cavities with dark greenish punctures and
when cut open, the wriggling maggots are seen inside.
•The infestation causes rotting and dropping of fruits.
Bactrocera diversa
Brown or dark brown with hyaline wings and yellow legs

44. IPM
Collect and destroy fallen and infested fruits by dumping in a pit and covering with a thick
layer of soil
Plough interspaces to expose puparia and apply chlorpyriphos dust @ 25kg/ha
Parasitoids: Opius compensatusand Spalangia philippinensis
Use methyl eugenol lure trap (25/ha) to monitor and kill adults of fruit flies or prepare
methyl eugenol and malathion 50 EC mixture at 1:1 ratio and take 10 ml mixture/ trap
Bait spray combining molasses or jaggery 10g/l and one of the insecticides, malathion 50 EC 2
ml/l or dimethoate 30 EC 2ml/lit, two rounds at fortnight interval before ripening of fruits.
Use also polythene bag fish meal trap with 5 g of wet fish meal + 1 ml dichlorvos in cotton at
50 traps/ha. Renew fish meal and dichlorvos soaked cotton once in 20 and 7 d respectively.
Inseciticides:Malathion 50 EC 0.05%, four times at 15 days interval

45. Castor capsule borer: Conogethes punctiferalis
Pyraustidae:Lepidoptera
Distribution
India, Australia, Myanmar, Srilanka, China,
Indonesia and Malaysia
Host range
Castor, Mango, Sorghum, Guava, Peaches, Cardamom,
Ginger, Turmeric, Pomegranate and Avocado.
Biology Egg period: 6 days
Eggs laid on the developing fruits
Larval:12 –16 days
Pale green with pinkish
tinge and fine hairs with
dark head
Pupal: 7 –10 days
Adult:
Yellow with black
spots
Total life cycle: 25-
33 days
Caterpillar bores into young fruits
Feeds on internal contents (pulp and
seeds)
Dry up and fall off without ripening

46. Fruit borer, Virachola(Duodorix)isocrates
F: Lycaenidae; O: Lepidoptera
•Infected fruits are with boreholes plugged with anal segment of the larva.
Severe infestation results in fruit rotting and dropping.
•Larva is dirty dark brown, short and stout built covered with short hairs.
Adult is bluish brown butterfly.
•Female is with ‘V’ shaped patch on forewing.
Rapala varuna; F: Lycaenidae; O: Lepidoptera
•Fruits are with boreholes. Adult is metallic red coloured butterfly.

47. Management
Collect and destroy damaged fruits
Use light trap @ 1/ ha to monitor the activity of adults
Bagging of fruits
Clean cultivation as weed plants serve as alternate hosts
Insecticides: Malathion 50 EC 0.1% or dimethoate 30 EC 0.06%, two rounds, one at
flower formation and next at fruit set.

48. Mealy bug, Ferrisiavirgata
F: Pseudococcidae; O: Hemiptera
•They cause premature dropping of fruit. Presence of white, cottony-nymphs
and adult mealy bugs on the leaves and twigs resulting in stunted growth.
•Crawlers are yellowish to pale white in colour.
•Adult female is long, slender having a pair of long glossy wax filaments at
caudal end.

49. Management
•Triazhophos 2 ml+ neem oil 5 ml/1or
phosalone 35 EC 1.5 ml+ neem oil 5 ml/1.
•ReleaseCryptolaemous montrouzieribeetles @
10/tree.
•Predators-Scymnusand lepidopteran, Spalgius epius

50. Spiraling whitefly: Aleurodicusdispersus
F: Aleyrodidae; O: Hemiptera
•Adults and nymphs congregate heavily on the lower surface of leaf, suck the
sap and cause pre-mature leaf drop, chlorosis, yellow speckling, crinkling and
curling.
•Honey dew secretion also leads to the development of sooty mould fungus.
•The copious white, waxy flocculent material secreted by all the stages of the
pest is readily spread by wind and thus cause public nuisance.

51. •Adultsarelargerthanmanyofthewhiteflyspeciesandwhite
incolourwithwaxycoatingonthebody.Eyesaredarkreddish
brown.Forewingsarewiththreecharacteristicspots.

52. Management
•Field sanitation
•Removal of host plants
•Installation of yellow sticky traps
•During heavy infestation -application of imidacloprid 200SL at 0.01% or
triazophos 40EC at 0.06%
•Spray neem oil 3% or NSKE 5%
•Release of predatorsviz., Coccinellid predator, Cryptolaemus
montrouzieri
•Release of parasitoidsviz.,Encarsia haitierrsisandE. guadeloupae

53. Aphid, Aphis gossypii; F: Aphididae; O: Hemiptera
•Nymphs and adults cause yellowing of tender shoots and wilting.
•Curling and crinkling of leaves, stunted plants with honeydew secretion
and sooty mould are the symptoms of damage.
•Large number of aphids are seen on tender / apical shoots.
•Nymph is greenish brown or yellow in colour.
•Adult is yellowish green to dark green in posterior side.

54. Scarlet Mite: BrevipalpusphoenicisF:Tenuipalpidae; O: Acari
•Mitelayseggsonstalksoffruits,calyxandleaves.
•Bothnymphsandadultssuckthecellsapfromfruitswhich
resultsinbrowningofnodalregionsandappearanceofbrown
patchesoncalyxandsurfaceoffruits.
•Insevereinfestation,thesesymptomscovertheentiresurface
offruitsleadingtosplittingoffruits.

55. Guava scale, Chloropulvinaria psidii
F: Coccidae; O: Hemiptera
•Thesymptomofdamageisyellowingofleaves.Adultfemaleis
longwithwhiteovisacandresemblesmealybug.