609847521-2-Digestive-System-PPT.ppsx for the 10

digestive system ppt for grade 10

1. Digestive
System

2. Human nutrition involves the following
processes:
1. Ingestion
-Intake of food into the body
2. Digestion
- The process of mechanical and chemical
breakdown, whereby large food molecules are
broken down into simpler molecules that can be
absorbed by the body cells.

3. Absorption
- the process in which digested food materials are
absorbed by the body cells.
4. Elimination
- passing of digested material out of digestive tract.

3. Digestion
Physical digestion (mechanical)
- is the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller
particles.
•Chew
•Tear
•Grind
•Mash
•Mix
Chemical digestion
-is the breakdown of complex molecules.
•Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
–Carbohydrates
–Proteins
–Lipids

4. Digestive System Organization
•Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
–Tube within a tube
–Direct link/path between organs
–Structures
•Mouth
•Pharynx
•Esophagus
•Stomach
•Small intestine
•Large Intestine
•Rectum
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5. Mouth
•Teeth- mechanically
break down food into
small pieces.
•Tongue- mixes food
with saliva (contains
amylase, which helps
break down starch).
•Epiglottis -is a flap-like
structure at the back of
the throat that closes
over the trachea
preventing food from
entering it. It is located
in the Pharynx.
•Pharynx- common
passage for food and air.

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Incisor – to cut food like a pair of scissors.
Canine – to tear food like a fork
Molars – can grind food
Premolars
-crushing and grinding food into smaller
pieces to make it easier to swallow.

8. Esophagus
•Approximately 20 cm long.
•Functions include:
1.Secrete mucus
2.Moves food from the throat to
the stomach using muscle
movement called peristalsis
•If acid from the stomach gets in
here that’s heartburn.

9. Stomach
9
•J-shaped muscular bag
that stores the food you
eat, breaks it down into
tiny pieces.
•Mixes food with
Digestive Juices(gastric
juice) that contain
enzymes to break down
Proteins and Lipids.
•Acid (HCl) in the stomach
Kills Bacteria.
•Food found in the
stomach is called Chyme.

10. Small Intestine
•Small intestines are roughly 6 meters long
•Most chemical digestion happen.
•Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called
villi, to increase surface area.
•3 parts
Duodenum -connects to the stomach.
Jejunum - in the central section of the abdomen
Ileum - the last part of the small intestine
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Crash Course Review

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13. Small Intestine
•Nutrients from the food pass into the
bloodstream through the small
intestine walls.
•Absorbs:
–80% ingested water
–Vitamins
–Minerals
–Carbohydrates
–Proteins
–Lipids
•Secretes digestive enzymes
13

14. Large Intestine
•also known as
the
 
large bowel
•About 1.5 meters long
•Accepts what small
intestines don’t absorb
•Rectum (short term
storage which holds feces
before it is expelled).

15. Large Intestine
•Functions
–Bacterial digestion
•Ferment
carbohydrates
–
Absorbs more water
– Concentrate wastes

16. Accessory Organs The Glands
•Not part of the path
of food, but play a
critical role.
•Include: Liver, gall
bladder, and
pancreas

17. Liver
•Directly affects digestion
by producing bile
–Bile helps digest fat
•filters out toxins and
waste including drugs
and alcohol and
poisons.
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18. Gall Bladder
•Stores bile
from the liver,
releases it into
the small
intestine.
•Fatty diets can
cause
gallstones

19. Pancreas
•Produces digestive
enzymes to digest
fats, carbohydrates
and proteins
•Regulates blood
sugar by producing
insulin

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Common Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive
System:
Diarrhea
Constipation
Gallstones
Peptic Ulcer- open sores
•Esophageal ulcer- esophagus
•Gastric ulcer- stomach
•Duodenal ulcer-
Hemorrboids - rectal inflammation.
Appendicitis- inflammation of appendicitis

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Disorders Associated with Improper or
insufficient diet
Malnutrition – is a condition acquired when
people do not take the right
kind of food
Over nutrition- health problems by eating too
much.

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Eating Disorder
Anorexia
- People suffering anorexia nervosa restrict their food
and drink intake under dangerous level.
Bulimia
-is an eating disorder characterized by episodes of
secretive excessive eating followed by self –induced
vomiting, overuse of laxatives or excessive exercise.

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26. On a sheet of paper, write the name of each
colored organ:
•Green:
•Red:
•Pink:
•Brown:
•Purple:
•Green:
•Yellow:

27. How’d you do?
•Green: Esophagus
•Red: Stomach
•Pink: Small Intestine
•Brown: Large Intestine
•Purple: Liver
•Green: Gall Bladder
•Yellow: Pancreas
Great Job!

28. References and Links
•Your Digestive System and How It Works
–Digestive system diagram comes from this site
•The Real Deal on the Digestive System
•Pancreas: Introduction and Index
•Your Gross and Cool Body - Digestive System
•Laurentian Regional High School Data Base
- you must know the Username and Password