646917042-Arguments-Used-by-the-Writers-in-Manifesto.pptx

LESSON FOR ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

1. JUMBLED LETTERS

2. DIRECTIONS: Arrange the following jumbled letters to form words. Clue: These are pressing issues and problems of today. GEAEENT NANPREGCY VORCEDI OBALGL MINGWAR YBERC ULLYINGB GUMENTAR FESTOMANI PERPA TOISIONP

3. DIRECTIONS: Arrange the following jumbled letters to form words. Clue: These are pressing issues and problems of today. TEENAGE PREGNANCY DIVORCED GLOBAL WARMING CYBER BULLYING ARGUMENT MANIFESTO POSITION PAPER

4. Analyzes the argument used by the writers in Manifesto Week 1 - Quarter 4 | Ma’am Bazar |

5. MELCS Gathers manifestos and analyzes the arguments used by the writer/s Defends a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable arguments supported by properly cited factual evidences

6. ARGUMENT/S

7. Argument/s expressing a point of view on a subject and supporting it with evidence – is often the aim of academic writing. are claims backed by reasons that are supported by evidence. It is a statement or a set of statements that you use in order to try to convince people that your opinion about something is correct. It is a discussion or debate in which a number of people put forward different or opposing opinions.

8. Evidence Do not stop with having a point. You have to back up your point with evidence. The strength of your evidence, and your use of it, can make or break your argument. It is anything that you see, experience, read, or are told that causes you to believe that something is true or has really happened. ( Collins Dictionary )

9. Counterargument One way to strengthen your argument and show you have a deep understanding of the issue you are discussing is to anticipate and address counter arguments or objections. By considering what someone who disagrees with your position might have to say about your argument, you show that you have thought things through, and you dispose of some reasons your audience might have for not accepting your argument.

10. Counterargument You can generate counterarguments by asking yourself how someone who disagrees with you might respond to each of the points you have made or your position as a whole. Consider how you will respond to them- will you concede that your opponent has a point but explain what your audience should nonetheless accept your argument?

11. 3-Parts to an Argument in Debate

12. CLAIM, DATA, AND THE WARRANT Claims ​ without reasoning are very weak arguments. Some might say it isn’t even an argument at all. The ​ more warrants, or reasoning ​, that a claim has the stronger it is generally speaking. Sometimes ​ the data ​ might be statistics sometimes it might be an expert opinion.

13. For example: The argument “I saw that movie got ‘two thumbs up’ so we should go and see it” uses the expert opinion as the data for the claim. ​ The claim is that we should go ​ ​ see the movie ​. ​ The warrant is that movies that receive two thumbs up are worth seeing ​. ​ The data would be that the movie did, in fact, receive a review of “two thumbs up.” This reasoning is based on an appeal to the expertise of the reviewers, and ​ ​ little more. ​ So, ​ that’s an argument. Claim-Warrant-Data.

14. Types of support for an argument

15. REASON, EVIDENCE, EMOTIONAL APPEAL REASON​ – a general statement that supports the claim EVIDENCE ​– consists of facts, statistics, experiences, comparisons, and examples that show why the claim is valid. EMOTIONAL APPEALS - ​ideas that are targeted toward needs or values that readers are likely to care about.

16. Parts of an Argument

17. ISSUE, CLAIM, AND SUPPORT Issue -​ problem or controversy about which people disagree Claim ​ – the position on the issue Support ​– reasons and evidences that the claim is reasonable and should be accepted Refutation ​– opposing viewpoints * Claims without reasoning are very weak arguments*

18. What is debate?

19. Debate It is based on competing arguments. Each team offers arguments that they defend, and they attack the arguments of their opponents. Research provides the data and warrants for defending and attacking arguments.

20. For example: “Team X will win the basketball game against Team Y because Team X has taller players than Team Y.”

21. Questions to ask: The ​“claim​” is the bottom line conclusion of the argument – What is the claim for the argument? The ​ “warrant​” is the reasoning behind the claim. What is the reasoning or warrant for the claim? The “​data​” are the facts used to support the warrant. What is the data for the warrant?

22. Explanation: There are many ways to attack an argument. You could challenge the factual basis of the claim. In the first example, perhaps Team Y was in fact taller than Team X. In the second example you could prove that there has never been an innocent person executed in the U.S. Another way to go would be to attack the reasoning/warrant. You could point out that the taller team does not always win basketball games. You could find examples of games that were not won by the taller team. You could say that other factors such as shooting ability, experience, effort and coaching might be equally or more important factors in winning.

23. Questions to ask: The ​“claim​” is the bottom line conclusion of the argument – What is the claim for the argument? The ​ “warrant​” is the reasoning behind the claim. What is the reasoning or warrant for the claim? The “​data​” are the facts used to support the warrant. What is the data for the warrant?

24. MANIFESTO

25. What is Manifesto? Manifesto is a document publicly declaring the position of an issuer. A manifesto advances a set of ideas, opinions or views. Manifesto ​is a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances a set of ideas, opinions, or views, but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can address any topic, it most often concerns art, literature, or politics. ​

26. What is Manifesto? It is generally written in the name of a group sharing a common perspective, ideology, or purpose rather than in the name of a single individual. It combines a sometimes violent societal critique with an inaugural and inspirational declaration of change. Although manifestos can claim to speak for the majority, they are often authored by social activists and usually linked to new ideas ​ (​ https://www.britannica.com/topic/manifesto​ ).

27. ACTIVITY #2 (Yellow Pad Paper) Directions: Make a table like this in a yellow paper and list at least 3 issues that you can identify in the society and your community right now. Identify particular information that you would like to deal with in your paper. Issues What I want to focus on? CYBERBULLYING Effects among young people What should the government do to address cybercrimes?

28. ACTIVITY #3 (Short Bond Paper) Directions: C hoose (1) one among the issues that you have written on Activity 2 and write your own manifesto in 2 paragraphs (2-3 sentences each). Don’t forget to write a ‘catchy title’.

29. THANK YOU