7 Standard Styles in Review of Related Literature, Citation, or References_043657-1.pptx

The oral communication

1. Standard Styles in Review of Related Literature, Citation, or References Practical Research 1

2. Think-Pair-Share Why do you think it is important for a research to include a review of related literature?

3. Standard Styles in Review of Related Literature, Citation, or References Practical Research 1

4. Learning Competencies: At the end of the session, the leaner: follows ethical standards in writing related literature; and presents written review of literature.

5. What happens if you use other people’s ideas and claim it as yours?

6. Plagiarism Plagiarism is an act of quoting or copying the exact words of the writer and passing the quoted words off as your own words . The leading act of plagiarism is using the words of the original text in expressing your understanding of the reading material . The right way to avoid plagiarism is to express the borrowed ideas in your own words (Ransome, 2013).

7. Standard Styles in Related Literature Citations or References

8. Standard Styles in Related Literature Citations or References Three terms used to express your appreciation for or recognition of people’s ownership of borrowed ideas (Sharp, 2012): Acknowledgment Reference or Bibliography Citation or In-text Citation

9. Purposes of Citation To give importance and respect to other people for what they know about the field To give authority, validity, and credibility to other people’s claims, conclusions, and arguments To prove your broad and extensive reading of authentic and relevant materials about your topic To help readers find or contact the sources of ideas easily To permit readers to check the accuracy of your work To save yourself from plagiarism

10. Styles of Citation 1. Integral Citation You do this by using active verbs like claim, assert, state, etc. to report the author’s ideas. These types of verbs somehow expresses the author’s mental position , attitude, stand, or opinion in relation to the information referred to.

11. Styles of Citation 1. Integral Citation Examples of Integral Citations: Lee (2015)

12. Styles of Citation 2. Non-integral Citation This downplays any strength of the writer’s personal characteristics. The stress is given to the piece of information rather than to the owner of the ideas .

13. Styles of Citation 2. Non-integral Citation Examples of Non-integral Citations: .

14. Styles of Citation 2. Non-integral Citation Examples of Non-integral Citations: . (Smith, 2015)

15. Styles of Citation 2. Non-integral Citation Examples of Non-integral Citations:

16. Patterns of Citation 1. Summary The citation in this case is a shortened version of the original text that is expressed in your own language. Making the text short, you have to pick out only the most important ideas or aspects of the text.

17. Patterns of Citation 2. Paraphrase Here, instead of shortening the form of the text, you explain what the text means to you using your own words .

18. Patterns of Citation 3. Short Direct Quotation Only a part of the author’s sentence, the whole sentence, or several sentences, not exceeding 40 words , is what you can quote or repeat in writing through this citation pattern.

19. Patterns of Citation 3. Short Direct Quotation Since this makes you copy the exact words of the writer, it is necessary that you give the number of the page where the readers can find the copied words.

20. Patterns of Citation 3. Short Direct Quotation Example: Contexts is influenced by these four factors: “language, culture, institutions, and ideologies.” (Aranda, 2015, p.8)

21. Patterns of Citation 4. Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract This citation pattern makes you copy the author’s exact words numbering from 40 up to 100 words . Under APA, the limit is eight lines . Placed at the center of the page with no indentation , the copied lines look like they compose a stanza of a poem .

22. Patterns of Citation 4. Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract Example: Hizon (2015)

23. Patterns of Citation 4. Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract NOTES: You should quote judiciously because having so many quoted words or lines in your paper signals your lack of understanding of such part of the text. Frequent copying of the author’s words indicates your lack of originality in conducting your research work.

24. Patterns of Citation Reasons for direct quoting (Ransome, 2013): The idea is quite essential. The idea is refutable or arguable. The sentence is ambiguous or has multiple meanings. There’s a strong possibility that questions may be raised about the citation. It is an excellent idea that to make it a part of your paper will bring prestige and credibility to your entire work.

25. Patterns of Citation Basic Methods of Referencing: APA (American Psychological Association) MLA (Modern Language Association) Each of these two methods has its own in-text citation style. The following shows the difference between them as regards citation format.

26. Patterns of Citation Basic Methods of Referencing:

27. Patterns of Citation 5. Tense of verbs for reporting Active verbs are effective words to use in reporting authors’ ideas. Present their ideas in any of these tenses: present , simple past , or present perfect tense .

28. Patterns of Citation 5. Tense of verbs for reporting Examples: Present tense – Santos (2017) explains... Past tense – Santos (2017) explained... Present perfect tense – Santos (2017) has explained...

29. Enumerate the following: (1–3). Three terms used to express your appreciation for or recognition of people’s ownership (4–8). Give the five (5) Patterns of Citations (9–10). Give the two Styles of Citation For bonus points (3 points): Briefly explain your understanding on Plagiarism. Written Work #7

30. Written Work #7

31. Acknowledgment or Acknowledgement Reference or Bibliography Citation or In-text Citation Summary Paraphrase Short Direct Quotation Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract Tense of verbs for reporting Integral Citation Non-integral Citation Written Work #7

32. Baraceros , E. L. (2016). Practical Research 1 (1st ed.). Rex Book Store, Inc. undefined [ Scribbr ]. (2020, January 23). What is plagiarism? | Scribbr 🎓 [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https:// www.youtube.com / watch?v =Uk1pq8sb-eo References for this Presentation