7L The Solar System and Beyond_2017-04-05 06-22-5936.PPTX

KS3 - Earth Sciences

1. Days, years and seasons

2. The rotation of the Earth

3. What time is it? It is 4 am in London. What is the time in the rest of the world? Casablanca Philippines Pretoria Antananarivo -1 hr +2 hr +3 hr +8 hr 3 am 6 am 7 am 12 pm GMT time Casablanca Pretoria Antananarivo Philippines place

4. What are hemispheres? The Earth is divided into two hemispheres, separated by the equator. Why do the hemispheres have different seasons at different times of the year? northern hemisphere equator southern hemisphere

5. What causes seasons to change? When the North Pole tilts towards the Sun, it is summer in the northern hemisphere. At the same time the South Pole is tilted away from the Sun. If it is mid-summer in the UK, what season will it be in the southern hemisphere? Six months later the Earth will be on the other side of the Sun. How does this affect the seasons? Winter

6. The seasons spring in the UK summer in the UK autumn in the UK winter in the UK

7. What is the season?

8. The Moon

9. The Sun and the Moon look about the same size from Earth, but they are not. The Moon The Moon takes just over 27 days to orbit the Earth. The Sun is about 400 times wider than the Moon but is 400 times further away ! sunlight

10. The phases of the Moon

11. A solar eclipse happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, casting a shadow over the Earth. Eclipses The last solar eclipse over the UK was on 11 th August 1999. Solar eclipses are rare. A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow over the Moon. Lunar eclipses happen in most years.

12. Where must the Moon be for a solar eclipse to take place? During a solar eclipse the Moon moves directly between the Sun and the Earth, blocking the Sun’s rays from reaching part of the Earth. What happens during a solar eclipse?

13. Where must the Moon be for a lunar eclipse to take place? During a lunar eclipse the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth to the Sun, blocking the Sun’s light from reaching the Moon. What happens during a lunar eclipse?

14. The Solar System

15. Labelling the planets

16. Data on the Solar System

17. How many Earth years?

18. Which planet?

19. Solar System quiz

20. Satellites and probes

21. Science fiction writers first suggested the idea that artificial satellites could be put into orbit around the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have been fascinated by the night sky and what lies beyond it. This only became reality in 1957 when the Soviet Union placed Sputnik I and Sputnik II into orbit – Sputnik II carried a live dog called Laika! Today, artificial satellites are frequently launched by space shuttles and unmanned rockets. Artificial satellites have many uses including communications, satellite TV, weather forecasting and navigation. Satellites – science fiction to science fact

22. Astronomical satellites, such as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), are large telescopes placed in a high orbit far away from the effects of the Earth’s atmosphere. These satellites can ‘see’ much further into space and give us images of stars and galaxies many light years away, like this, the Eagle Nebula. This means that their images of the Universe are much more detailed than images observed from Earth. Using satellites to view space

23. Our search for answers and clues to the origin of the Solar System and the possibility of life elsewhere led to the development of unmanned space probes . For years, science fiction had brought us stories of Martians – but could they really exist or have existed? On 4 th December 1996, NASA launched the ‘Pathfinder’ Discovery Mission to Mars. It cost $150 million and took 7 months to reach Mars. When it had landed, the ‘ Sojourner Rover ’ buggy tested Mars’ atmosphere, surface and weather, amongst other things. Exploring space – mission to Mars

24. The tests carried out by the Rover showed that Mars is much more like the Earth than was expected . Was Mars like the Earth until something catastrophic happened? The tests also showed that the crust of Mars is very similar to continental crust on Earth and that volcanoes had played a part in Mars’ formation . Why did the volcanoes stop? Did the gases they gave out kill any Martian life? Mission to Mars – tests on Mars

25. Summary activities

26. Multiple-choice quiz