8. Adaptation_2017-04-05 10-05-2943.PPTX

Adaptation_2017

1. All organisms are adapted to life in general, such as having legs for walking, wings for flying or leaves for photosynthesizing. These are general adaptations . Organisms also have specific adaptations . These are special features or behaviours that have evolved to make an organism particularly suited to its habitat . What is adaptation?

2. What are a shark’s general adaptations to life in an aquatic environment? A shark’s general adaptations streamlined shape to reduce friction when moving through water gills have a large surface area so that oxygen can be extracted from the surrounding water fins provide stability, power and control

3. What are a shark’s specific adaptations to life as an aquatic predator? A shark’s specific adaptations highly sensitive sense of smell that can detect drops of blood from miles away lots of very sharp teeth that are constantly replaced silver colouring underneath acts as camouflage specialized sense organs can detect the sound, movement and electrical fields of other organisms

4. This increases the organism’s chance of survival and so increases its chance of reproducing and passing on its genes. The importance of adaptation Why is it important that organisms are adapted to their environment? The better adapted an organism is to its habitat, the more successful it will be when competing for resources such as food and mates.

5. These animals have similar habitats but different adaptations. Adaptations in similar habitats

6. These organisms are all adapted to their environments in different ways. How are they specially adapted to survive? Adaptations in different habitats

7. Many things in the environment change on a daily basis. For example, the temperature and the amount of light . Organisms adapt to the type of habitat they live in and also have to adapt to the daily changes in their habitat. For example, many flowers open their petals during the day to catch the Sun and close them at night for protection from early morning frost. Daily adaptations

8. The environment also changes on a yearly basis with the seasons. This may bring about changes in light and temperature but also in the availability of food and water . Organisms must also find some way to adapt to these yearly changes. Organisms have come up with many different ways to achieve this. Yearly adaptations For example, many animals hibernate over winter to deal with food shortages . Other animals aestivate over summer or hot weather to avoid water loss.

9. Daily or yearly?

10. What are adaptations for?

11. True or false?

12. A predator is an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food. A prey animal is one that is attacked and eaten by a predator. Predators can be either: Animals that eat other animals carnivorous (eat meat only) e.g. wolves omnivorous (eat meat and vegetation) e.g. humans.

13. Predators are adapted to hunt, catch and eat prey. Prey are adapted to avoid capture from predators. How are predators and prey adapted?

14. Adaptations of predators What are common predator adaptations for hunting and killing? Excellent vision – For spotting prey from far away. High speed – For chasing after prey. Predators sometimes camouflage to get as close as possible without being detected. Weapons – For killing prey. These are predominantly sharp teeth , claws and beaks , which enable the predator to hold their prey and tear their flesh.

15. Adaptations of prey What are common prey adaptations for avoiding capture by predators? Excellent vision – For spotting predators from far away. High speed – For escaping from predators. Camouflage – For hiding from predators. Defence – For protection against attack. Examples include armour plating, horns and tusks.

16. Using poison Poison has evolved as an adaptation of predators and prey. Organisms such as snakes, spiders and insects use poison to paralyze or kill prey . Other organisms use poison as a defence . Certain tropical frogs have poisonous skin that can make predators very ill or even die.

17. Let’s pretend Some harmless organisms have become adapted to look like dangerous species. This is called mimicry . For example, stingless hoverflies have black and yellow bands on their bodies that resemble those on wasps or bees. This warns predators to stay away, even though the hoverfly is incapable of stinging.

18. Whose adaptation?

19. How is a polar bear adapted to its extremely cold climate? How is a polar bear adapted? white greasy fur repels water and acts as camouflage thick fur and body fat insulate from the cold large, wide feet spread the body’s weight and act as good paddles and snow shoes

20. More polar bears adaptations small ears and small body surface area to volume ratio reduces heat loss eyes have brown irises to reduce the glare from the Sun’s reflection black skin is a good absorber of heat

21. How is a camel adapted to life in a very hot, dry climate? How is a camel adapted? fat is stored in the hump to reduce overheating little water is lost through sweating or urination long, thin legs help to increase body surface area and increase heat loss wide feet spread out body weight on shifting sand

22. What other adaptations have camels evolved to cope with the harsh desert environment? More camel adaptations nostrils can be closed for protection during sandstorms long eyelashes and furry ears prevent sand and dust from getting in

23. How is a cactus adapted to life in a very hot, dry climate? How is a cactus adapted? water stored in a fleshy stem , and a thick, waxy surface reduces water loss leaves are narrow spines to reduce water loss and protect from predators roots are either very deep , or shallow and widespread to catch surface water

24. What do flowers do? Flowers enable plants to reproduce sexually. For this to happen, pollen from one flower must be carried to another flower – either on the same plant or on a different plant. This is called pollination . In what ways can pollination take place? Pollen is carried by insects from one flower to another. Pollen is blown by wind from one flower to another.

25. Adaptations for insect pollination How are flowers adapted for pollination by insects such as bees and butterflies? colourful, scented petals attract insects large, sticky pollen grains become attached to the insect’s body nectar , a source of food for insects, is deep within the flower stiff anthers and stigmas are positioned where insects must brush past them

26. Adaptations for wind pollination How are flowers adapted for pollination by the wind? small, dull-coloured petals anthers hang loosely outside flower so wind can blow pollen huge numbers of light, tiny pollen grains long, feathery stigma hanging outside flower so pollen can be trapped

27. Which adaptation?

28. Which organism?

29. Multiple-choice quiz