8_Q2-DISS_Disc in Social Science Lesson 1.pptx

Disc in Social Science Lesson 1

1. 11 DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Quarter 2 Social Science in the Real World

2. __________ Refers to a specific branch of learning that has a different body of concepts, theories, framework, subject matter, perspective, world views, assumptions, and research methodologies. __________ Social conditions that different sectors of society consider as harmful to its members and require solutions. 3. __________ Social scientist who study how the human mind works in consonance with body to produce thoughts that lead to individual actions.

3. Social scientist who study government, power, and politics; and examine the relationship between people and policy at all level from individuals to the national and international levels. An approach to curriculum integration which focuses primarily on the different disciplines and the diverse perspectives they bring to illustrate a topic, theme, or issue. An approach involves drawing appropriately from several disciplines (or separate branches of learning or fields of expertise) to redefine problems outside of normal boundaries and reach solutions based on a new understanding of complex situations. It deals with society and the way people behave and impact the world. 3

4. 8. The systematic study of humanity, with the goal of understanding our evolutionary origins, our distinctiveness as a species, and the great diversity in our forms of social existence across the world and through time. 9 . The study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people. 10. The analysis of change over time, and it covers all aspects of human society. Political, social, economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, religious, and military developments are all part of antiquity. 11. The study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. 3

5. 12.________The experiment of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. 13.________The state or condition where people’s basic need for food, decent clothing and shelter are not properly met. 14.__________ The condition where people who are able and willing to find occupation cannot find a job. 15._______ An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting many people. 3

6. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: generate possible solution in addressing social concerns and phenomena through graphic organizer; construct life-long career of social science to address the social issues and problems; and propose solutions on social issues through an essay.

7. A. Conceptual Analysis. Read any newspaper and go to classified section. Check on the different career opportunities that need a social science graduate. What career positions require social science students can get? Can you think of other career opportunities and growth that need the expertise of a social science worker? List them down and complete the concept map below. Process Questions: Do you think that these careers of social sciences can really help address the social issues and problems of the country at large and Cebu City in particular? Can you cite few social issue of besetting our country, particularly in Cebu City? Explain how the methods practice in the profession of social sciences can address these challenges. 4

8. When asked about the role of the social sciences in society, Professor Lea Sgier (2012) of the Central European University answered that, in a way, the social sciences are the lungs of society. “In the best case,” she continued, “they contribute to a society’s self-reflection upon who they are, and where they can go.” In essence, the social sciences are paramount in identifying problems that need to be addressed and formulating possible solutions that will contribute to socio-economic development. Development should be the goal of public policy and should aim to promote freedom and the end of oppression. The social sciences have an analytical function in society. Knowledge generated by social scientists enables us to gain a deeper understanding of social problems and issues. The social sciences also provide a critical analysis of society, which is necessary for better decision-making. The issue of development can be viewed from both a macro-level and

9. micro-level perspective. From a macro-level perspective, development or underdevelopment can be viewed as a phenomenon that is shaped or produced by social processes such as social stability and social change. From a micro-level perspective, development or underdevelopment be a phenomenon that directly affects individuals or groups in a social setting. Understanding development issues in this way leads to a broader understanding of them. The micro-level perspective also presupposes that development as a subject of inquiry in the social sciences is dynamic and multifaceted, as it sheds light on a myriad of relevant factors and processes. Development and Underdevelopment: A Macro-level Analysis Development is generally studied from two perspectives: political development and socio-economic development. In demonstrating a macro-level understanding of development, we can use both perspectives

10. in our analysis. Political development is defined in various ways. Dankwart Rustow (1924) regarded it as a combination of increasing levels of national unity and political participation. Samuel Huntington (1968) saw it as political modernization coupled with political institutionalization. Gabriel Almond (1911) and G. Bingham Powell, Jr.(1966) argued that political development as a process undergoes four distinct stages: state building, nation building, participation enlargement (mass democracy), and distribution and expansion which lead to resource re-allocation. In this light, political development is considered the outcome of a process influenced by several factors. When political development and modernization became an arena of interest for post-World War II scholars, the so-called developing societies – the parts of the world seen as exotic and primitive – were analyzed on a development continuum with

11. the United States as the template. Providing a more critical view of development as nalayzed from an international vantage point is Immanuel Wallerstein. In his World Systems Theory (also known as the core-periphery model), he described the modern world system as essentially capitalist in nature. That is to say, the world system is an independent network of states linked by political and economic competition. Wallerstein asserted that economic modernization placed all the regions of the world into four categories: the core, periphery, semi-periphery, and external areas. The core regions are the affluent, highly industrialized areas – the global centers of economic activity. They have robust economies and high standards of living-characteristics that guarantee them control over the international economy.

12. 6 The periphery zones, on the other hand, are those areas that suffer from backward economies despite their abundance of natural resources. They have low standards of living and generally low levels of economic productivity. According to Wallerstein’s theory, the core regions exploit the resources of the peripheries for their own benefit, import raw materials from them, and sell the manufactured goods at unreasonable prices. As the peripheries lag in terms of economic development, the core regions accumulate more wealth and power. The semi-periphery zones those newly industrialized countries with median standards of living, exploit the peripheries as they attempt to clinch a spot in the global economy. Paradoxically, semi-peripheries are also exploited by the core-regions. The external areas are those

13. 6 regions that have managed to stay away from the world economy (Jison, 2014; Martinez-Vela, 2001). W.W. Rostow (1960), an American economist, formulated an influential theory that outlines the process that countries undergo in attaining economic development. This process comprises five stages: First stage – characterized by a country undertaking primary economic activities. Second stage – dominated by commercialization and increased use of raw materials. Third stage – where foreign investment comes in and is spent primarily for infrastructural development. Fourth stage – where the country establishes wide industrial and commercial bases.

14. 6 Fifth stage – the acquisition of high per-capita incomes and mass consumption Development and Underdevelopment: A Micro-level Analysis On the micro-level, discourse on development is centered on the individual. Human development, as a subject of inquiry, continues to expand and evolve. A noteworthy issue in the discussion of human development is poverty. Poverty and inequality have been recurrent challenges in the Philippines, underscored by the 2008 global financial crisis and rising food and commodity prices. The Asian Development Bank (2009), in its comprehensive analysis of the causes of poverty in the Philippines, reports the following: Economic growth did not translate into poverty reduction in recent years.

15. 6 2. Poverty levels vary greatly by region. 3. Poverty remains a mainly rural phenomenon, though urban poverty is on the rise. Most of the poor live in rural areas and work in the agriculture sector, mostly as farmers and fishers. In urban areas such as Metro Manila, they are found in slums and the informal sector. Poverty levels are strongly linked to educational attainment. In two-thirds of poor families, the head of the household has at most an elementary-level education. The poor have large families, with six or more members each.

16. 7 6. Many Filipino households remain vulnerable to shocks and risks. They have no or few assets and minimal access to credit. Another relevant issue in the human development discourse is marginalization , or the lack of resources, rights, goods and services, and the inability to participate in the normal relationships and activities available to the majority of people in a society (Levitas, et al., 2007). The marginalized sectors of society are those who suffer from lack of access to basic social services such as education and healthcare. Marginalization is evident when it comes to the participation of the public in formulating policies. The participation of

17. 7 citizens in governance is a way of promoting public support and involvement in matters affecting them. Participation is a distinctive feature of planning and decision-making processes that can promote citizen empowerment and enhance the quality of decisions made. Even the UN Economic and Social Council (2007) recognizes the importance of public participation in politics: “ Participation is a fundamental goal and object of value in and of itself. That is evident from the fact that the right to participate in a society’s decision -making processes has been accepted by the world community as a fundamental human right. Participation also has instrumental value because it can help achieve other primary goals.”

18. 7 Ways Forward to Economic Development Alexis de Tocqueville, an American political theorist, noted that only when citizens maximize their collaborative capacities and recognize themselves as rights- bearing individuals can we say that democracy functions well. There is, therefore, more to being a social scientist than just explaining and researching. The social sciences are not only limited to the critical analysis of issues. They also deal with offering alternative courses of action with the end goal of improving human welfare and bringing about social development. While social scientists do not have the answer to all the problems of this world, they could empower lives and become part of the remedy. The importance and relevance of the social sciences in

19. 7 both the academe and civil society make the study of social sciences a promising undertaking. Interdisciplinarity nature of Social Sciences to the Study of Society The disciplines of Social Sciences such as Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Political Science, Geography, History, Economics, Linguistics, and Demography bare concepts that are closely related. A discipline refers to a specific branch of learning that has a different body of concepts, theories, frameworks, subject matter, perspectives, world views, assumptions, and research methodologies. Each of these disciplines are different from each other branches of learning.

20. 8 Interdisciplinarity of these disciplines arises when theories applicable to one is also applicable to another. For example, Sociology studies interactions but this interaction as interpreted as behavior which is the study of Psychology. These are the four main groups of traditional disciplines. These include the following: Groups of Traditional Disciplines Groups of Traditional Disciplines Scope Natural Sciences Include the life sciences and physical sciences Social Sciences Include sociology, economics, political sciences, geography, anthropology, linguistics, history, and psychology. Applied Professions Business, communications, criminal justices, education, engineering, law, social work, nursing, and medical professions Humanities Include the art and art history, literature, music, philosophy, and religious studies

21. Multidisciplinary Approaches of Social Sciences Social problems and issues are defined as a social condition that different sectors of society consider as destructive to its members and so these require a definite and feasible solution. Social problems and issues are multifaceted and affect not only one sector but different groups of society. Thus, to fully grasp and address the problem, a multidisciplinary approach must be utilized and developed. The multidisciplinary approach involves the application and collaboration of several separate branches of social science to examine, analyze and solve the current problem and pandemic that the society is facing. Problems and issues that deal with human behaviors, social and economic development entail a multidisciplinary perspective and attention to evaluate

22. and understand the complete analysis of the problem. Multidisciplinary approaches are important in understanding and addressing social problems because in the real world to solve a social issue are not crafted the use of single discipline. Examples of Social Problems in the Philippines and the Multidisciplinary Approaches to Address the Problem Social Problem Multidisciplinary Approaches to address the problem Poverty Economics, Historical, Sociological, Anthropological and Political Approaches Unemployment Economics, Historical, Sociological, Anthropological and Political Approaches Disaster Economics, Historical, Sociological, Anthropological, Psychological, Geographical and Political Approaches Corruption Economics, Historical, Sociological, Anthropological and Political Approaches Gender Discrimination Economics, Historical, Sociological, Anthropological, Psychological and Political Approaches Mental Health Problem Economics, Historical, Sociological, Anthropological, Psychological and Political Approaches

23. 9 The Multidisciplinary approach in the social sciences can play an important role in understanding the multidimensional social problem. By using the multidisciplinary approach, the person can have a bigger and wider understanding of the problem and can give definite solution of the problem. Career for Humanities and Social Science Experts There are different career opportunities available for social scientist. These careers range from government services and academe to research-oriented and related career opportunities in the private sectors as well in the business group. The social sciences can be used as preparatory courses for law school. Below are some of the possible careers that a social science graduate or Humanities and Social Sciences or HUMSS student can pursue.

24. 9 Discipline of Social Sciences Possible Careers Anthropology Archeologist, cultural anthropologist, physical anthropologist, ethnologist, cultural specialist, Advertising, Community Development Specialist, Law, Forensics Officer, museum curator, academic career (Teaching and Research) Economics Economist, financial analyst, bank officer, investment analyst, business consultant, Financial risk analyst, Data analyst, Accountant, Actuary, business auditor, academic career (Teaching and Research) Psychology Guidance Counselor, psychiatrist, behavior analyst, life coach, social educator, experimental psychological, developmental psychologist, industrial psychologist, personality psychologist, social psychologist, environmental psychologist, forensic psychologist, population psychologist, comparative

25. psychologist, physiological psychologist, clinical psychologist, school psychologist, career psychologist, academic psychologist, consumer psychologist, Human Resource Personnel, Occupational psychologist, High intensity therapist, Counselling psychologist, Neuroscientist, Border Force officer, Sport and exercise psychologist, Detective academic career (Teaching and Research) Sociology Criminologist, police officer, market research analyst, industrial sociologist, Human Resources (HR) Representative, Market Research Analyst, Management Consultant, Market Research Analyst, Guidance Counselor, Social Worker, Public Relations (PR) Specialist. Policy Analyst, Survey Researcher/Pollster, Lawyer, academic career (Teaching and Research) History Law, biographer, researcher, solicitor, journalist, heritage manager, academic librarian, museum curators, foreign service officer, academic career (Teaching and Research)

26. Geography Cartographer, urban geographer, Commercial/residential surveyor. Environmental consultant. Geographical information systems officer. Planning and development surveyor. Secondary school teacher. Town planner. Navy Political Science Researcher, Law, Labor Relations Specialist, Foreign service officer, politicians, public administrators, Business executive, political consultant, Army, Legislative assistant, Communications/public relations professional, Policy analyst, Navy, Lobbyist, Communications/public relations professional, Professors, academic career (Teaching and Research) Humanities Artist, Journalism, Art Dealer, Author, Brand Strategist, Career Advisor, Children's Rights Activist, Communications Consultant, Cultural Program Director, Song Writer, Retail Strategist, Speech Writer, Librarian, Media Correspondent, Education Policy Consultant, Immigration Office, Theologians, Priest, Nun, Teacher 10

27. Activity 1 Photo Analysis Activity Goal: Evaluate the photos and explain using different social sciences the cause of the problem and solution to the problem shown in the photos. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. Each item is 2 points. Expected output: An activity sheet that analyzes the causes/reasons of the problem shown in the photo, and the possible solution to the problem using the different fields of social sciences.

28. Directions: Choose only one photo to analyze. Use the following as guide questions to answer the activity. Make an Assessment Report Assessment Report Photo Number: 1 2 3 Photos

29. Questions Answer 1. What do you see in the picture? 2. What problems are seen in the photo? How do you know this? 3. What fields of social sciences can help you understand the problem shown in the photo? How do you know that these fields can be applied to understand the problem? 4. What solutions can be done to solve the problem? What fields of social sciences can help us address the problems? Why do you think these fields are relevant in solving the problem? 11

30. Activity 2 Where Am I after Senior High? By now, you should have already decided the specific discipline of the social sciences that you wanted to pursue in college. Think of that possible social science cources that you wanted to engage in in college. Instructions: Write a reflective essay containing two (2) strong opening statements followed by three (3) support statements, and finally your two (2) concluding statements expressing your sentiments. Use a separate paper for this activity.

31. What discipline of Social Sciences I want to pursue in college and why? Will my choice help me achieve my dream of being a social scientist? What should I do to achieve my desired career? Will my choice benefit society as well or I become one of the red tags?

32. Assessment Modified True or False: Write SOCIAL SCIENCE if the statement is TRUE. If the statement is INCORRECT, provide the correct answer. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering this activity. A social work practitioner proposes intelligent solutions to economic problems via collection and interpretation of economic data. The endeavors encompassed in the social-science-related professions basically address the various social concerns in the society. Social science teachers can become consultants or experts in their fields such as professors, educators, and social scientist. 13

33. 4._________Multidisciplinary approaches are important in understanding and addressing social problems. 5. _ One field of social sciences will not be able understand the nature and extend of social problem unless multifaceted approach is used to understand the problem and its solution. 6. ________Social problems are not integrative, and it can be addressed through disciplinal approach. ____ Poverty can be solved using multidisciplinary using the approaches using the approaches from economics, history, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and political science. 13

34. 8. _________Interdisciplinary social science approach involves the analysis, synthesis, and coordination between and among the different disciplines to understand and address a problem. 9. _________The Multidisciplinary approach in the social sciences can play an important role in understanding the multidimensional social problem. ________The interdisciplinary social science approach involves the application of single field of study to cater and answer social problems and issues. 11 . The practitioners of social sciences have only single area of specialization in dealing with social problems. 13

35. 12 . Social scientists have the answer to all the problems of world because they could empower lives and become part of the remedy. 13. _______Unemployment rate decreases when the country’s economy is deficit in nature. The multidisciplinary approach in the social sciences cannot provide a holistic understanding of disaster. 15 . Development should be the goal of public policy and should aim to promote freedom and the end of oppression. 13