8.SYNTAX - english education program.pptx

semoga bermanfaat

1. SYNTAX

2. Greek A putting together or arrangement The analysis of the structure of phrases and sentences The study of grammar which is concerned with the study of arrangement of words in sentences and of the means by which such relation are shown (yule: 2010) Describe the way words fit together to form sentences (thomas:1993) SYNTAX

3. Joko broke the window The window was broken by Joko Was the window broken by Joko ? It was Joko who broke the window NP+VP+NP/deep SURFACE AND DEEP STRUCTURE

4. The deep is an abstract level of a structural organization in which all elements determining structural interpretation are represented The difference syntactic form they have as individual English sentence DEEP STRUCTURE

5. A situation in which a single phrase or sentence has two (or more) different underlying structures and interpretation The small boys and girls = the small boys and small girls/ the small boys and all girls. Annie had an umbrella and she bumped into a man with it . Annie bumped into a man who is carrying an umbrella Annie bumped into a man with an umbrella Structural Ambiguity

6. I once shot an elephant in my pajamas The small boys and girls I like sushi Saya melihat pria dengan teropong.

7. The repeated application of a rule in generating structures The book was on the table On the table (PP) : Prep-art- N The book was on the table near the window in the bedroom Recursion

8. A diagram with branches showing hierarchical organization of structures Tree Diagrams

9. 1.The book : NP→ Art N 2.The good book: NP → Art ( Adj ) N A girl : NP→ Art N She : NP→ Pro Raisa : NP→ PN NP → {Art N, Pro, PN} Symbol used in Syntactic Analysis

10. S : sentence N : noun V : verb Art : Article NP : noun phrase VP : verb phrase Adj : adjective PN : Proper noun Adv :adverb Prep: Preposition PP: Prepositional phrase

11. S → NP+VP NP → Art ( Adj ) N VP → V+NP (PP) ( Adv ) PP → Prep+NP Phrase Structure Rules

12. Rules stating which words can be used for constituents generated by phrase structure PN → { Asep , Susi} N → { cat,chair , Susi} Art → { a,an,the } Pro → { she, you} V → { eat, cook} Lexical Rules

13. You will help Marry NP +AUX+VP+NP Will you help Marry? …+…+ …+…+ … Movement Rules

14. Could the boy see it? Should George follow you? Would M arry help George? Draw the tree diagram

15. Mary helped George → Cathy knew Cathy knew that Mary helped George → John believed that Cathy knew that Mary helped George The word that introduce complement phrase That = Complement Phrases Back to Recursion

16. Complement Phrases S → NP+VP NP→ Art ( Adj ) N VP → V+NP (PP) ( Adv ) PP → Prep+NP Cathy knew that Mary helped George ( CP ) S → NP+VP NP→ Art ( Adj ) N VP → V+ CP (C+S)

17. The teacher knows that she sleeps John knew that you helped the small boy The lamb followed Juna The ball was kicked by Fahmi