837 Unit 7 Source of Information Updated.pptx

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1. Educational Research (837) Unit 7 : Source of Information Dr. Zaheer Ahmad Course Coordinator

2. Objectives of the Unit Explain the main sources of data in education research Identify the preliminary sources of information Specify the primary sources of information Discuss the secondary sources of information; and Compare direct and indirect source information available in the form of education literature

3. Some Important Terms Regarding Information Sources Authritative Information is valid and reliable information from an authentic source (book, Journal, person) A catalogue record brings together information that makes it possible to uniquely identify a resource, not only through its title, but also through information added to help teachers and learners find it, such as subject headings or a summary  A catalog   record  contains metadata telling you the who, what, and where of a resource:  Reference Book is a book intended to be  consulted  for information on specific matters  Reference Book is a book (as a dictionary, encyclopedia, atlas) intended primarily for consultation rather than for consecutive reading

4. Printed Indexes are Print resources used for finding magazine and journal articles. We can find articles by viewing the citations to articles within the indexes and abstracts   What is the difference between an index and an abstract? An index contains citations only. An abstract contains citations and abstracts (summaries). An  abstracting service  is a service that provides abstracts of publications, often on a subject or group of related subjects, usually on a subscription basis. The preparation of abstracts, usually in a limited field, by an individual, or an organization for restricted use by publishing and supplying regularly to subscribers. Bibliographic databases   provide a descriptive record of an item, but the item itself is not provided in the database . Information about the item is provided, including such things as author, title, subject, publisher, etc. The information provided is called a citation

5. Supposition is the fact of believing something is true without any proof  or something that you believe to be true without any proof Encyclopedia a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically. "if you're not familiar with a concept or topic, consult an encyclopedia"   Periodicals  are any type of publication that is published in a series, or periodically (hence the name). Daily newspapers, monthly magazines Year book is an annual publication giving current information and listing events or aspects/ salient proceedings of the previous year, especially in a particular field, (Education, Research, School) Monograph is a detailed written study of a single specialized subject or an aspect of it Bulletin is a short report , especially one released through official channels to be broadcast or publicized A short printed publication, Directory is a book or website listing individuals or organizations alphabetically or  thematically  with details such as names, addresses, and phone numbers

6. Information/ Information Sources Information is processed data. An information source is where you get your information from. It is the means by which a person is informed about something or knowledge is availed by someone, a group of people or an organization. Information sources can be observations, people, speeches, documents, pictures, organizations. Information sources can be in print, non-print and electronic media or format.

7. Reference Source Any publication from which authoritative information can be obtained, including but not limited to reference books, catalog records, printed indexes and abstracting services, and bibliographic databases. Individuals and services outside the library that can be relied upon to provide authoritative information are considered resources for referral.

8. What are reference books? They are those we ‘refer’ to. Referring is a very similar to the strategy of scanning. We use a reference book just to look up the odd fact or confirm a supposition. You do not read an encyclopedia from cover to cover – you think what you want to know and then search for one very small area of text.

9. When you pick up a research book: Note the author and publisher, and perhaps the author’s credentials. Check the copyright date. Given the type of information the source covers, is it likely to be current enough? What is the purpose and scope of the book (check for preface)? Review the table of contents. What is the scope of the material? Is it biased toward one viewpoint? Review the index (if there is none, is that a significant drawback?). What approaches does the index use?

10. More know your books Page through to see what special features may be there. Are there photos? Charts and graphs? Appendices? What is the level of the book? Who is the intended audience? Make up a short “test” for the book. Think up some questions that you feel, based on the review you’ve done, that the book should be able to answer. Does it? Has anyone else on the staff had experience with this book? How do they feel about it?

11. Direct Sources of Information Periodicals, literature found in journals Books, yearbooks, monographs, and bulletins Graduate, doctoral and other thesis Miscellaneous sources such as Govt. Publications on education

12. Periodicals Literature Periodicals are publications which are issued at regular intervals, such as journals, magazines, and newspapers. They are also often referred to as serials periodicals usually consist of a collection of articles.

13. Books, Monographs, Yearbooks and Bulletins These include: Handbook in research of teaching Mental measurement yearbook International yearbook on education Cumulative book index Yearbook of education 1932-1940

14. Theses and Dissertations Theses and dissertations prepared to meet the requirements for graduate degrees usually contain descriptions of completed research.

15. Indirect Source of Information Encyclopedia of Education Education Indexes Education Abstracts Bibliographies and Directories Biographical references Radio/ TV support Computer search

16. Encyclopedia of Educational Research and Education Index Encyclopedia of Education Research Education Index

17. Education Abstracts Dissertation abstracts Psychological abstracts Sociological abstracts

18. Bibliographies and Directories

19. Biographies Biographies also help in getting information about the related topic sometimes in chronological order. Biographies normally provide sequential information required for thesis.

20. Radio/ TV Support The information in support of various topics provided by Audio and Video through radio and TV is also useful.

21. Computer Search In order to conduct a major review of literature or to make an important educational decision about any research, a manual research process is time consuming and tiresome. In such situation a computer search of the appropriate. Preliminary sources is important because of being low cost, speedy and immediate information provides a printout of the required aspect/ section and permits simultaneous searching.