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1. Chapter No. 09 Data Handling Class 6 th Prepared by: Hari s hankar Meena TGT,Maths JNV,Nawanagar , Buxar , Bihar

2. Topics to be Covered Introduction Organising Data by using tally marks Pictographs Interpretation of a Pictograph Drawing a Pictograph A bar graph Interpretation of a bar graph Drawing a bar graph DATA HANDLING

3. Data is a collection of numbers gathered to give some information. For Example: Record the attendance of students in a class every day. Marks obtained by a student after every test or examination. Age of all students of your class. Choice of sweets or fruits of the students of class 6 th . Size of shoes of students in class 6 th . Marks obtained by all the students of class 6 th in a test. 1. Introduction

4. To get particular information from the given data quickly, the data has to organised or arrangement first. The organisation of data can be done in one of the following ways: . Ascending or descending order. Organising data by using tally marks. By using pictographs By using bar graphs 2 . Organising of Data

5. Tally marks are a way of expressing number in groups of five. The numbers are represented as follows : Organising Data by using Tally marks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I II III IIII IIII IIII I IIII II IIII III IIII IIII IIII IIII One vertical line Two vertical line Three vertical line Four vertical line Diagonal across four vert. line Five +1 vertical line Five +2 vertical line Five +3 vertical line Five + 4 vertical line Five + Five Note:- IIII or IIII = 5 , Both symbols are correct

6. To Make a Frequency Distribution Table :- Example:-1 . There are 30 students in a class .They have to choose one sport each for the sports period, 5 took badminton, 10 took cricket , 4 took football, 1 took hocky,3 took tennis, and 7 volleyball. Represent this data in the frequency distribution table. * Frequency:- frequency is the number of times a particular value occurs in a set of data.

7. 1 . Make a table with three columns. 2. Write the name of the sports in the first column. 3 . Write the respective frequency in front of each sports. 4. Write the tally marks according to the frequency given To make a frequency distribution table:- Sport No. of Students = Frequency Tally marks Badminton 5 IIII Cricket 10 IIII IIII Football 4 IIII Hockey 1 I Tennis 3 III Volleyball 7 IIII II

8. In a mathematics test following marks were obtained by 40 students of class 6 th , arrange these marks in a table using tally marks . 8,1,3,7,6,5,5,4,4,2,4,9,5,3,7,1,6,5,2,7,7,3,8,4,2,8,9,5,8,6,7,4,5,6,9,6,4,4,6,6 (i ) Find how many students obtained marks equal to or more than 7 ? (ii) How many students obtained marks below 4? Example 2

9. No. of students which obtained marks equal to or more than 7 is = 5+4+3 = 12 students. there are 8 students which get below 4 marks.` Marks No. of students Tally marks 1 2 II 2 3 III 3 3 III 4 7 IIII II 5 6 IIII I 6 7 IIII II 7 5 IIII 8 4 IIII 9 3 III

10. If we represent the data with the pictures of objects instead of numbers then is called pictograph. Pictures make it easy to understand the data and answer the questions related to it by just seeing it. 3. PICTOGRAPH

11. In the pictograph we have to understand it and get the information from the pictures given 4. Interpretation of a pictograph Q1. How many oranges did Peter pick on Wednesday. Q2. How many more oranges did he pick on Friday then on Saturday. Q3. On which day did Peter pick twice as many orange as on Monday. Q4. On which day did Peter pick 45 oranges. Peter likes to pick orange squeeze them into fresh juice that that he can kindly share with his friends . The picture graph shows how many oranges he picked up on certain days.

12. Ans.1 90 oranges Ans.2 75 oranges Ans.3 Friday Ans.4 saturday

13. Interpretation of a pictograph Q1. How many children were present on Monday ? Q2. On which day of the week maximum children were present? Q3. On which day of the week least number of children were present? Q4. On which days of the week same numbers of children were present? Q.5 How many more children were present on Thursday than Wednesday ? Example (2) The pictograph below shows the number of students present in class on each working day of the week. = represent 5 childrens .

14. In a pictograph data are represented through pictorial symbol that is carefully selected . A symbol should be clear , concise and interesting. A symbol must be represent a general concept (like man , women, child , bus, etc.) not an individual of the species (not Akbar, Dr. sharma etc.) We must use a proper key of the symbols so that could be easily understood by anyone. * Key means = 10 men/fruits/etc. 5. Drawing a pictograph

15. For Example:- Total number of animals in five villages are as follows. Village No. of animals A 80 B 120 C 95 D 40 E 60 Prepare a pictograph of these animals using one symbol to represent 10 animals and answer the following questions. How many symbols represent animals of village E ? Which village has the maximum number of animals ? Which village has more animals : village A or village C

16. Answer : Village No. of animals = 10 animals A B C D E Answer = 6 Answer = Village B Answer = Village C

17. A B ar Graph (also called Bar Chart) is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights.The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. X-axis (horizontal) and Y- axis(vertical) 6. A BAR GRAPH

18. We will learn interpreting bar graph collecting the given information. Observe the given bar graph which is showing the sale of shirts in a shop from Monday to Saturday , and answer the following questions. 7. Interpretation a Bar Graph Q.1 what information does the bar graph gives? Q.2 what is the scale chosen on the horizontal line representing number of shirts ? Q.3 On which day were maximum number of shirts sold? How many shirts were sold on that day? Q.4 On which day were the minimum number of shirts sold ? And how many?

19. Answer:- The bar graph tells us the number of shirts sold on each day from Monday to Saturday. X –axis is , 1 unit length =5 shirts Saturday has the longest bar so Max.number of shirts was sold on Saturday . The number of shirts = 60 X 5 = 300 shirts. Tuesday , 10 X 5 = 50 shirts.

20. Example 2:- Study the given bar graph and answer the questions. Q.1 Which subject is the second most popular? Q.2 Which subject is favourite for 50 students? Q.3 Which subject have the same number of votes? Q.4 which subject is less popular , science or ELA? Q.5 What unit of scale is used to display the popularity of subjects among the students?

21. 8. Drawing A Bar Graph Steps in construction of bar graph : On a graph paper , draw two lines perpendicular to each other , intersecting at O, O is origin . The horizontal line is X-axis and vertically line is Y-axis. Along the horizontal axis, choose the uniform width of bars and uniform gap between the bars and write the names of the data items whose values are to be marked. Along the vertically axis , choose a suitable scale in order to determine the height of the bars for the given values . Calculate the height of the bars according to the scale chosen and draw the bars. Choosing an appropriate scale for a bar graph is important . Scale :- scale means the number used to represent one unit length of a bar.

22. Colours No. of students Y - axis A lable of what the categories are about Categories of the Data Scale : 1unit= 1 student The parts of a bar graph

23. The two types of bar graph Horizontal bar graph Vertical bar graph

24. Example:1 Village A B C D E No. of animals 80 120 95 40 60 No. of animals Construct a bar graph to represent the above data. Villages 01 unit length= 20 animals X-axis Y - axis Solution: -

25. City Mumbai Kolkata Delhi Chennai Population 120 130 150 80 City Population (in lakhs) 01 unit length= 20 lakhs Y - axis X - axis Example 2. The population of four major cities in India in a particular year is given below in lakhs. Construct a bar graph to represent the above data.

26. Answer the following question: Which city has maximum population ? Answer :- Delhi (ii) Which city has least population ? Answer :- Chennai. *************===========***************

27. THANK YOU

28. Using tally marks, which one of the following represents the number eight. A . IIIII III B. III III C.IIIII II D.IIII III 2 . What is the vertical line in the graph called? A . Y-axis B . X-axis C . Ray D . None of these If * represents 5 balloons, then number of such symbols to be drawn to represent 60 balloons is A . 5 B. 60 C. 10 D. 12 If 0 represents 5 eggs, then how many eggs does 0000 represents ? A . 4 B. 16 C. 20 D. 25 5. The tally mark given below shows frequency IIII IIII III A . 15 B. 13 C. 12 D. 10 Self assessment test

29. Fill In The Blanks To Make The Statements True :- 6. A ------- is a collection of numbers gathered to give some meaningful information. 7 . The data can be arranged in a tabular form using ----- marks. 8. A ---------- represents data through pictures of objects. 9. In a bar graph, --------- can be drawn horizontally or vertically . 10. On the scale of 1 unit length = 10crore, the bar of length 6 units will represent ------- crore and of --------- units will represent 75crore .

30. Shirt Size Tally Marks No. Of Students 30 ||| 3 32 IIII — 34 — 8 36 IIII II — 38 IIII — 10 40 — 7 Short Answer Type Questions :- 11. In an examination, the grades achieved by 30 students of a class are given below. Arrange these grades in a table using tally marks- B, C, C, E, A, C, B, B, D, D, D, D, B, C, C, C, A, C, B, E, A, D, C, B , E, C, B, E, C, D 12. Fill in the blanks in the following table which represents shirt size of 40 students of a school.

31. 13. The following bar graph represents the data for different sizes if shoes worn by the students in a school. Read the graph and answer the following questions. a. What is the number of students wearing shoes size 6? b. Which shoe size is worn by the maximum number of students? c. Which shoe size is worn by the minimum number of students? d. Find the number of students whose shoe sizes have been collected .

32. Days No. Of Students Monday 24 Tuesday 26 Wednesday 28 Thursday 30 Friday 29 Saturday 22 14. The following are the details of number of students in a class of 30 students present during a week. Represent it by pictograph .

33. Long Answers Type Questions Q.15 The numbers of scouts in a school is depicted by the following pictograph . Class Number Of Scouts  = 10 Scouts Ⅵ     Ⅶ   Ⅷ       Ⅸ    Ⅹ  Observe the pictograph and answer the following questions. a. Which class has the maximum number of scouts? b. How many scouts are there in class Ⅵ ? c. Which class has exactly four times the scouts as that of class Ⅹ ? d. What is the total number of scouts in the classes Ⅵ to Ⅹ ?

34. Q.16 The following table shows the number of bicycles manufactured in a factory during the years 1998 to 2002. Illustrate this data using a bar graph. Choose a scale of your choice. Years No. of bicycles manufactured 1998 800 1999 600 2000 900 2001 1100 2002 1200 In which year were the maximum number of bicycles manufactured? b. In which year were the minimum number of bicycles manufactured ?

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