A full proof notes on Gladiolus and Gerbera.pptx

Gerbera and Gladiolus full notes

1. Gladiolus Scientific Name : Gladiolus grandiflorus Family : Iridaceae Native : Africa and Asia minor Basic number of chromosomes: 2n =30 Flowers: Bisexual Inflorescence : Spikes Calyx and corolla unites together are called parianth and unit is called tepal. Tepal : Number of tepal are six. Androecium: Stamen are three. All stamen are free. Stamen and tepal are joined together. Gynoecium: Ovary inferior, number of carpels-3 unites together called tristyl e. The ovary contains between 70 to 150 ovules. Placentation: Axile placentation Anthesis time : 7.20am to 12.04 am. Anthers dehisce within 3-4 hours of unfurling of parianth with most of pollen falling down on the ground or lading on the lower tepal.

2. Objectives of breeding of gladiolus The breeding of gladiolus is carried out to develop new cultivars with: Improved plant height Buds counts and compactness. Better spike quality Flexibility to high wind New colour Desired floret size and form Texture and frilling Symmetrical arrangement of florets on the spikes High rate of corm and cormel multiplication. Resistance to pest and disease

3. Breeding methods:- Collection, maintenance and assessment of different species and cultivars Hybridization Mutation breeding Varieties are Swarnima, Dhanvantari, Mayur and Sylvia

4. Gerbera Scientific name : Gerbera jamesonii Family : Asteraceae 2n = 50 Origin : Tropical Asia and Africa Types of flowers: Ray florets : Acts as female flower Trans florets: Acts as female flower Disc florets :Acts bsiexual flower Inflorescence : Head and capitullum

5. Zygomorphic: (only in one plane symmetry)

6. Actinomorphic (Characterized by radial symmetry)

7. Breeding objectives of Gerbera: Breeding for improved vigour size, flower form and yield, attractive colours, long uniform and stiff stem length. To create uniform and compact plants with profuse blooming for long duration To evolve spectacular varieties resistant to temperature and wilting To induce earliness in flowering and long lasting quality of cut flowers To create novel flower colours, upright sturdy peduncles, continuous blooming and tolerant to stress. To breed novel forms and fancy colours of gerbera resistant to powdery mildew and white flies.

8. Breeding methods of Gerbera:- Clonal selection Hybridization Mutation breeding Application of biotechnology Varieties are Flemingo, Goldy and Goldy