6 A History of Light
the assumption of it being nothing more than a technological system of visual
representation based upon Renaissance perspective. To address the oft en-
reductive discourses on photography, I propose a diff erent way of thinking
about photography in terms of photagogia or the ‘evoking of light’. As I have
said, while Tagg, Price and others have all engaged with photography in
diverse and productive ways, refl ecting upon the various problematics of
photography, they oft en take the conditions that produced the object of their
critique as a given, thus omitting to examine the underlying reasons behind,
for example, photography’s apparent lack of identity, which, I argue, can be
considered as something other than the weakness of the medium but an
outcome of that which is much more complex. As a consequence, instead of
delving into the reasons underlying photography’s mutability, the volatility
of the photograph is oft en accepted as an a priori and one of the failings of
the medium. I suggest that the uncertainty experienced when confronting
the medium can be conveyed by the Greek word chalepon (χαλεπόν), a word
which frequently appears in the Platonic dialogues. I am inspired by John
Sallis’s use of the word in his reading of Plato. In Th e Verge of Philosophy he
writes: ‘How, then, is it possible to read Platonic dialogues together in a way
that is both critical and productive? What needs, above all, to be stressed
can perhaps best be expressed by a word found oft en in these texts, the word
χαλεπόν’.
14
Th is book attempts to explore that which lies behind photography’s diffi -
cultness (χαλεπότης), by examining how photography is already implicated in
Western thought, before the arrival of its technical regeneration as the photog-
raphy with which we are all familiar. By showing how photography has always
been parasitic upon the history of philosophy and by uncovering the dreams
of photographein concealed within theurgy and mysticism, I hope to open up
new possibilities in reading photography, which in turn will shed light on the
ways in which we refl ect upon the history of Western philosophy. Both Barthes
and Benjamin have alluded to the presence of magic in their encounters with
photography; these observations have curiously gone unnoticed or perhaps even
been deliberately overlooked by subsequent thinkers.
15
As we have seen earlier,
Barthes describes the photograph as ‘an emanation of past reality: a magic, not
an art’.
16
Benjamin, in his essay ‘Little History of Photography’, notes the ‘magical
value’ of the photograph, which painting cannot produce.
17
It is interesting that
indexicality, the trace or imprint, seemingly the basis for the realist perspectives
so oft en associated with photography, also seems to evoke this sense of magic
for these thinkers. What is this wonderment of photography? Is it driven by the