Acids and bases: Examples, Properties and Differences

Acid and Bases

1. FIRST QUARTER CLASSROOM OBSERVATION I JESSMER J. NIADAS Teacher I October 20, 2023

2. PRAYER CLASSROOM OPENING PRAYER (WITH VOICE).mp4

3. Learning Competency: Investigate properties of acidic and basic mixtures using natural indicators (S7MT-Ii-6) Objectives: Identify some household stuffs whether acid or basic using a natural indicator Familiarize pH level scale State the uses of acid and base materials and their importance How Can You Tell if a Mixture is Acidic or Basic?

4. At sea level, an odorless and colorless Liquid A boils at a range of 100 C to 105 C. What inference can be drawn from this observation? Liquid A is a metal Liquid A is a mixture Liquid A is a non-metal Liquid A is a pure substance Review:

5. 2. Elements play an important role in the human body. Which of the following is correctly paired? a. Sodium: important in nerve conduction and fluid balance b. Phosphorous: important in bones and teeth and some amino acids c. Chlorine: found outside the cells which serves as a major electrolyte d. Oxygen: found inside the cell essential in the conduction of nerve impulses Review:

6. What will you do if you experience acid reflux? Kremil - S is an antacid that is used for the relief of stomach pain from hyperacidity, gassiness, and bloating.

7. WORD BANK WORD BANK ACIDS BASE SOUR BITTER LITMUS UNLOCKING VOCABULARY INDICATOR pH NEUTRAL ANTACID ANTHOCYANIN

8. MIND MAP SOFTDRINK DISTILLED WATER VINEGAR BAKING SODA TOOTHPASTE SHAMPOO

9. 3. Which one between gastric juice and tomato sauce is more acidic? Why? 4. What is the pH value of the human blood? How will you compare it to the urine? 5. What have you observed with the pH scales in terms of acidity and basicity? 6 . How does pH scale help us when it comes to the acidity and basicity of substances? In your Math subject, how do we scale a number line? Based on the Figure, what does the range from 0 – 14 indicate? How about the pH of greater than 7, what does it indicate?

10. Acids - any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes blue litmus paper to red, reacts with some metals to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes chemical reactions (acid catalysis ) Base - is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions . Turns red litmus paper to blue. Most bases are minerals that react with acids to form water and salts. Bases include the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of metals. The soluble bases are called alkalis. Sodium hydroxide is an alkali . Indicator – is a dye that changes into different color depending on whether it is in acid or in base. There are many indicators that come from plants. Purple mayana , Baston ni San Jose (purple), red cabbage, Camote (purple), violet eggplant peel are some plants that can be used as natural indicators

11. Natural indicators contain anthocyanins that produce specific colors in solutions. A typical anthocyanin is red in acid, purple in neutral and blue in basic solution. Another indicator is the use of litmus paper. Litmus is a dye taken from lichens (organisms that are composed of fungi and algae). B lue litmus paper turns red in acid. Red litmus paper turn to blue in base. Neutral - pH only if its concentration of hydroxide and hydrogen ions are equal to each other. pH scale of 7 But what is a pH? In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen". It is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions are measured to have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions. Camote Baston ni San Jose Litmus paper indicator

12. ACTIVITY Sample Color of Indicator Nature of Sample                                               Sample may be classified using the color scheme: Strongly acidic: Red to pale red Weakly acidic: blue Weakly basic: green Strongly basic: yellow Calamansi strongly acidic Tap water (from the faucet ) weakly acidic Distilled water   neutral Vinegar strongly acidic Sugar in water weakly acidic (depending on the type of water used ) Baking soda basic Baking powder basic Softdrink (colorless ) strongly acidic Coconut water weakly acidic Toothpaste basic Shampoo S oap basic basic

13. Let’s go back to the question: What do you usually intake when you feel sour like feeling acidic and feeling vomiting ? Not all acids are dangerous but too much is. Just like anything. Fun fact about an acid in the stomach : “Gastric juice is made up of digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid and other substances that are important for absorbing nutrients – about 3 to 4 liters of gastric juice are produced per day. The hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice breaks down the food and the digestive enzymes split up the proteins .” It is not advisable to drink softdrink in an empty stomach. For which it is the reason behind of most stomach ulcers. On the other hand, Muslims are prohibited of non-HALAL products

14. Generalization: Tell whether the uses mentioned is base or acid. Used in the baking industry . U sed in bleaching powder and used in cleaning purposes . Used in personal hygiene Remove grease stains from clothes Use as whitewash like paints Use as food preservative Used in batteries Used in explosives and fertilizers Used in softdrinks Maintenance of swimming pools

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16. References https :// www.britannica.com/science/acid https://www.worksheetsplanet.com/what-is-a-base /