Acute glomerulonephritis in children in english

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1. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor ) TO WATCH THIS SLIDE WITH VOICE EXPALINATION AS VIDEO PLEASE VISIT MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL “MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM”

2. ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Acute glomerulonephritis is defined as inflammation and subsequent damage of the glomeruli leading to hematuria, proteinuria, and azotemia; Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from bloodstream and pass them into urine

3. ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Acute glomerulonephritis (GN) comprises a specific set of renal diseases in which an immunologic mechanism triggers inflammation and proliferation of glomerular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane, mesangium , or capillary endothelium. Acute nephritic syndrome is the most serious and potentially devastating form of the various renal syndromes.

4. CAUSES OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Many conditions can cause glomerulonephritis. Infections Immune diseases Vasculitis

5. Infections Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.  Glomerulonephritis may develop a week or two after recovery from a strep throat infection or, rarely, a skin infection (impetigo). To fight the infection, your body produces extra antibodies that can eventually settle in the glomeruli, causing inflammation . Bacterial endocarditis.  Bacteria occasionally can spread through bloodstream and lodge in heart , causing an infection of one or more of your heart valves. Bacterial endocarditis is associated with glomerular disease. Viral infections.  Viral infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and hepatitis C, can trigger glomerulonephritis .

6. Immune diseases Lupus .     Lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease that occurs when your body's immune system attacks your own tissues and organs , lupus can affect many parts of your body, including your skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs . Goodpasture's syndrome.   A rare immunological lung disorder that can mimic pneumonia, Goodpasture's syndrome causes bleeding in your lungs as well as glomerulonephritis . IgA  nephropathy.   Characterized by recurrent episodes of blood in the urine, this primary glomerular disease results from deposits of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the glomeruli. IgA nephropathy can progress for years with no noticeable symptoms .

7. Vasculitis Polyarteritis .   This form of vasculitis affects small and medium blood vessels in many parts of your body, such as your heart, kidneys and intestines. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis .  This form of vasculitis , formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis , affects small and medium blood vessels in your lungs, upper airways and kidneys.

8. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS puffiness of face in the morning blood in urine (or brown urine) urinating less than usual. Short of breath and cough High blood pressure. Tachycardia Visual disturbances

9. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Lack of appetite Nausea and vomiting Tiredness Difficulty sleeping Dry and itchy skin Nighttime muscle cramps Unconciousness

10. Diagnostic Investigations- Urine examination for hematuria, specific gravity and albuminuria. Blood Examination for Urea and creatinine Antistreptolysin O titre (ASLO) ECG

11. Treatment- Normally there is no treatment for acute Glomerulonephritis. it is a self limiting disease and patients recover within two or three weeks. O nly supportive treatment is needed which includes antibiotic to treat infection, hypotensive drugs to control hypertension, Magnesium Sulphate in case of encephalopathy to reduce cerebral edema. sedatives sometime patient we need dialysis.

12. Nursing Management - The child may be advised bed rest and activity limitation which may be started again as condition improves. Vital signs are monitored such as heart rate , respiratory rate and temperature and recorded . The balance diet is provided to maintain sufficient nutritional status.

13. Nursing Management - Intake output chart should be maintained. Daily recording of weight, edema and appearance is important nursing management in acute glomerulonephritis. Child should be provided with low salt and low protein diet. Salty chips or wafers should be avoided. Recreation and play therapy in the bed is important to divert child’s attention.

14. Nursing Management - Proper skin care and timely management of skin wound is to be done. Parents should be explained about the disorder and possible treatment to alleviate their anxiety. Assessment of respiratory status is done and should be notified in case of deterioration.

15. Nursing Management - Parents should be explained about need for proper follow-up visits as and when required. Other Nursing interventions – includes all nursing care of hospitalized child that we have discussed in previous lecture under heading Nursing care of hospitalized child in the lecture “ Child Health Nursing ”.

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