Acute Respiratory Infections Prevention and Control.ppt

ARI in community medicine prevention

1. Acute Respiratory Infections

2. ARI
•Cause inflammation of Respiratory tract from
nose to alveoli with wide range of combinations
of s/s
Depending on the site :
ARI of upper RT AURI
ARI : of lower RT ALRI
AURI – Common cold, Pharyngitis, Otitis media.
ALRI – Epiglottitis, laryngitis, laryngotracheitis,
bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia.

3. Problem Statement
World
•Death among young children 3.9 million/yr. out
of that 40% - Bangladesh, India, Indonesia,
Nepal
•90% deaths in ARI due to pneumonia – bacterial
•Incidence of ARI developed = developing
countries
•On an average - < 5yrs. suffer sepisodes/child/yr

4. India
•One of the major causes of death
•13% of IPD in Paed Wd due to ARI
•Acc to WHO – India – deaths 987000 at
which
969000 due to ALRI
& 10,000 due to AURI
•DALY lost was 25.5 million

5. Performance indicator of ARI case Mx in
India (1992)
•Inappropriate antibiotic used
•Antibiotic not given
•Resp. rate, chest indrawing checking not
done
•Caretaker (mother) do not know correct
home care.

6. Epidemiological Determinants
A)Agent Factors :
Agent Age
Group
affected
C/F
Bacteria
Bordetella pertussis
Corpnebacterium diphtheriae
Haemohilus influenzae
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Legionella Pneumophilia
Staphylococcus pyogenes
Strepto coccus pneumaniae
Strepto occus pyogenes.
Infants,
young,
children
Paroxysmal cough
Nasal/tonsillar/
pharyngeal
membranous exudate
severe toxemia
Labor pneumonia
pneumonia
Labor pneumonia
Broncho-pneumonia

7. Agent Age Group affected C/F
Virus
Adenoviruses
Enter viruses
Influenza
Measles
Parainfluenza
Rhinoviruses
Coronavirus
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis
Common cold
Other
Chlamydia type B
(psittacosis)
Coxiella burntti (Q
fever)
Mycoplasma
peneumaniae
Birds
Sheep/cattle
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis
Common cold
Atypical pneumonic
Atypical pneumonic
Atypical pneumonic

8. Risk Factors
•Climatic conditions
•Housing
•Industrialization
•S E development
•Over crowding
•Poor Nutrition
•LBW
•Intense indoor smoke pollution
•Maternal cig. smoking

9. Mode of transmission
•Person – to – person contact
Control of ARI
Clinical Assessment :
Physical Examination :
1)Count the breaths in one minute :
Resp. rate :-
60 breaths / min < 2 mnths
50 breaths / min – 2 mnths – 12 mnths
40 breaths / min – 12 mnths – 5 yrs.

10. 2) Look for chest In drawing
3) Look and listen for stridor
4) Look for wheeze