ACUTE STRESS DISORDER. .pptx

Mental health disorders

1. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER GROUP 4A

2. OBJECTIVES AT THE END OF PRESENTATION STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO Explain about acute stress disorder Describe the diagnostic features of acute stress disorder Treatment on acute stress disorder Differentiate acute stress disorder from PTSD

3. INTRODUCTION Acute stress disorder is the development of characteristic symptoms lasting from 3 days to 1 month following exposure to one or more traumatic events. Traumatic events that are experienced directly include, but are not limited to, exposure to war as a combatant or civilian, threatened or actual violent personal assault ( eg. violence , physical attack, active combat, mugging, childhood physical and/or sexual violence, being kidnapped, being taken hostage, terrorist attack, torture), natural or humanmade disasters (e.g., earthquake, hurricane, airplane crash), and severe accident (e.g., severe motor vehicle, industrial accident).

4. diagnostic features Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation in one (or more) of the following ways: Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s). Witnessing, in person, the event as it occurred to others. Learning that the event occurred to a close family member or close friend. Note: In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(e.g., first responders collecting human remains, police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse)

5. CON…… Intrusion Symptoms Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s). Note: In children, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the traumatic event(s) are expressed Recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the event(s). Note: In children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content

6. CON…. Dissociative Symptoms An altered sense of the reality of one’s surroundings or oneself (e.g., seeing oneself from another’s perspective, being in a daze, time slowing). Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s) (typically due to dissociative amnesia

7. CON….. Avoidance Symptoms Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s). Efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s

8. con…… Arousal Symptoms Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep, restless sleep). Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation), typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects. Problems with concentration.

9. con…. Negative Mood Persistent inability to experience positive emotions (e.g., inability to experience happiness, satisfaction, or loving feelings

10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Recurring, uncontrollable and distressing memories of the event. Recurring nightmares. Flashbacks of the traumatic event. Intense psychologic or physical distress when you’re reminded of the event. Persistent difficulty feeling positive emotions, such as happiness, contentment or loving feelings

11. CON….. Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts or feelings associated with the event. Efforts to avoid external reminders associated with the event (people, places or things). Disturbed sleep. Irritability or anger outbursts. Excessive attention to the possibility of danger (hypervigilance). Difficulty concentrating. An exaggerated response to loud noises, sudden movements or other stimuli (startle reflex).

12. Psychotherapy management Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most common forms of psychotherapy used Trauma-focused CBT involves: Learning about how your body responds to trauma and stress. Symptom management skills. Identifying and reframing problematic thinking patterns. Exposure therapy.

13. Medical management The use of medication isn’t typically the first line of treatment considered when treating acute stress disorder. However, in some severe cases, it might be used alongside psychotherapy. Medications commonly prescribed to treat symptoms of acute stress disorder include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), benzodiazepines, hydrocortisone, and propranolol.

14. conclusion Although acute stress disorder may progress to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after 1 month, it may also be a transient stress response that remits within 1 month of trauma exposure and does not result in PTSD. Approximately half of individuals who eventually develop PTSD initially present with acute stress disorder. Symptom worsening during the initial month can occur, often as a result of ongoing life stressors or further traumatic events.

15. REFERENCE’S DSM 5 diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder 5 th edition