Advance Transport Phenomena Logistics and Overview.pptx

advanced transport phenomena

1. A dvanced T ransport P henomena 1

2. Outline 2 …a brief overview …the practical stuff …‘what’ & ‘why’ …organization

3. Logistics Book 3

4. Logistics Pre-requisites Self-contained course Review Vector algebra Coordinate systems Basic calculus : single variable, multivariable ODEs : Analytical solutions 4

5. Motivation : Origin of Chemical Engineering 5 …‘what’ & ‘why’

6. Motivation: Origin of Chemical Engineering Paradigm shifts 6 …a fundamental change

7. Motivation : Origin of Chemical Engineering Paradigm shifts 1: Manual to Automation (1750s) 7 …a structured approach to organizing knowledge

8. Motivation : Origin of Chemical Engineering Paradigm shifts 1: Manual to Automation (1750s) 2: Physical manipulation (1800s) 8 …expanding beyond the confines of physical manipulation

9. Motivation : Origin of Chemical Engineering Paradigm shifts 1: Manual to Automation 2: Physical manipulation 3: Chemical manipulation (1880s) 9

10. Motivation : Origin of Chemical Engineering Paradigm shifts 1: Manual to Automation 2: Physical manipulation 3: Chemical manipulation 10

11. Motivation: Origin of Chemical Engineering “Scaling up” Purification Phase Temperature Transportation Separation Waste disposal 11

12. Scaling up : Auxiliary Systems Reactor System Distillation Adsorption Heat Exchangers Pumps Mixing Piping Systems Drying Leeching Extraction 12 Chemical Physical Engineering

13. Motivation : Origin of Chemical Engineering Paradigm shifts 1: Manual to Automation 2: Physical manipulation 3: Chemical manipulation 4: ‘Plant’ Engineers 13 …oil refineries …polymer manufacturing …paints …pharmaceuticals

14. Motivation : Origin of Chemical Engineering Paradigm shifts 1: Manual to Automation 2: Physical manipulation 3: Chemical manipulation 4: ‘Plant’ Engineers 5: ‘Unit Operations’ Engineers 14 …consolidation of diverse knowledge Peripheral processes …decouple physics and chemistry

15. Motivation : Origin of Chemical Engineering Paradigm shifts 1: Manual to Automation 2: Physical manipulation 3: Chemical manipulation 4: ‘Plant’ Engineers 5: ‘Unit Operations’ Engineers 6: Transport Phenomena 15 …an exploration of fundamental principles of physics that govern the diverse array of unit operations encountered in chemical engineering

16. The Transport Phenomena Everyday examples Mass transport : Diffusion of ink in a bowl of water Energy transport : Metal rod heated at one end Momentum transport : Flow of water using a centrifugal pump Information transport: Classroom 16

17. What Drives Transport? Ink in water: a concentration gradient drives mass transport Heated metal rod: a temperature gradient drives energy transport Flowing fluid: pressure and velocity gradients drive momentum transport Classroom: a knowledge gradient drives information transport Gradients drive transport 17 ____________________________ ___________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ …the common theme

18. When does Transport Stop? Ink in water: ink is uniformly distributed throughout the water Heated metal rod: uniform temperature within the rod Classroom: all students know everything the instructor knows Transport stops as soon as gradients vanish 18

19. Equilibrium to Equilibrium Perturbation Gradients  Transport 19 Nature abhors inequalities …the fundamental underlying principle Equilibrium No gradients Equilibrium No gradients Transport stops Gradients diminish Gradients set up

20. Equilibrium to Equilibrium Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Transport Phenomena (rate processes) 20

21. Resistance to Transport Ink in water vs. ink in oil Heating two rods of different materials Teaching two different students Equilibrium 1 Equilibrium 2 Perturbation Resistance 21

22. Analogous: Momentum , Heat, Mass Same underlying principle Analogous physics: conservation laws Analogous governing equations Analogous mathematical tools Occur simultaneously 22

23. Length Scales Molecular Microscopic Macroscopic 23 …clusters of molecules …players and rules of the game …the practical aspects

24. Structure …by analogy 24

25. Structure 25

26. Structure Molecular mechanisms Vectors and tensors Shell balances Equations of change Dimensional analysis Steady, unidirectional flows Time-dependence 2D flows Stream Function Potential flow Boundary layer theory Turbulence Friction factors Macroscopic balances Non-Newtonian fluids Section 2 ODEs Section 3 PDEs Section 4 And more… Section 1 Fundamental 26 Equilibrium Perturbation Gradients Transport Resistance Equilibrium