Aerobic & anaerobic respiration

1. Aerobic & anaerobic respiration BTEOTSSSBAT know the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

2. B2.6 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration Respiration in cells can take place aerobically or anaerobically. The energy released is used in a variety of ways . The human body needs to react to the increased demand for energy during exercise.    

3. Candidates should use their skills, knowledge and understanding to: ■ interpret the data relating to the effects of exercise on the human body.  

4. Key words Respiration Aerobic Enzymes Glucose Mitochondria Glycogen Anaerobic Lactic acid Fatigued

5. Respiration Respiration is the process of transferring energy from food molecules in every living cell . There are two main types of respiration: aerobic and anaerobic   Aerobic respiration - uses oxygen An aerobic respiration - uses no oxygen   All chemical reactions inside cells are controlled by enzymes.

6. Aerobic Respiration Words – breathing, energy, respiration, food, bonds Every life process (e.g. growth) needs ENERGY. __________ is the process our bodies use to produce this energy: Glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + ENERGY The glucose we need comes from _____ and the oxygen from ________. Water and carbon dioxide are breathed out. The MAIN product of this equation is ______. This energy is used to synthesise a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which transfers energy from chemical _____ to cells in the body.

7. Aerobic Respiration Words – breathing, energy, respiration, food, bonds Every life process (e.g. growth) needs ENERGY. Respiration is the process our bodies use to produce this energy: Glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + ENERGY The glucose we need comes from food and the oxygen from breathing . Water and carbon dioxide are breathed out. The MAIN product of this equation is energy . This energy is used to synthesise a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which transfers energy from chemical bonds to cells in the body.

8. Anaerobic respiration Unlike aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration is when energy is provided WITHOUT needing _________: This happens when the body can’t provide oxygen quick enough for ________ respiration to take place. Anaerobic respiration produces energy much ______ than aerobic respiration but only produces 1/20 th as much. Lactic acid is also produced, and this can build up in muscles causing ______ and an oxygen ______. This “debt” then needs to be “repaid” by deep breathing to ________ the lactic acid. Word bank: debt, oxygen, fatigue, oxidise, aerobic, quicker Glucose lactic acid + a bit of energy

9. Anaerobic respiration Unlike aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration is when energy is provided WITHOUT needing oxygen : This happens when the body can’t provide oxygen quick enough for aerobic respiration to take place. Anaerobic respiration produces energy much quicker than aerobic respiration but only produces 1/20 th as much. Lactic acid is also produced, and this can build up in muscles causing fatigue and an oxygen debt . This “debt” then needs to be “repaid” by deep breathing to oxidise the lactic acid. Word bank: debt, oxygen, fatigue, oxidise, aerobic, quicker Glucose lactic acid + a bit of energy

10. Differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration Aerobic respiration Requires oxygen Occurs in the mitochondria of cells Produces a lot of ATP per glucose molecule Used when heart rate and breathing rate rise Anaerobic respiration Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells Doesn’t require oxygen Used during the first 1-2 minutes of exercise Produces less ATP per glucose molecule

11. Respiration in athletics The blood of an athlete was tested before, during and after a 400m race:

12. 1 (a) In the summary of aerobic respiration shown below, choose a word from each of the boxes that best completes the equation. ( b) ( i ) State two ways in which the energy released during respiration is used in all animals. Build larger molecules Heat Movement – muscles contract

13. (ii) How else might the energy released be used in mammals and birds only? Give a further use of the energy released that applies to plants rather than animals . Heat Movement – muscles contract Plants to build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which in turn are built into proteins