Affordable Housing, Slum Redevelopment In Cities of India

This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy discusses status and issues associated with affordable housing, slum upgradation, slum redevelopment in cities of India

1. Slum Redevelopment,
Affordable Housing
Presentation to Indian School of Public Policy Scholars on February 4, 2021
Dr. Ravikant Joshi

2. Defining Slum
▪UN-HABITAT defines a slum household as a group of
individuals living under the same roof in an urban
area who lack one or more of the following:
▪Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects
against extreme climate conditions.
▪Sufficient living space, which means not more than
three people sharing the same room.
▪Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an
affordable price.
▪Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private
or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of
people.
▪Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions.

3. Defining Slum
▪A compact area of at least 300 populations or about 60-70
households of poorly built congested tenements, in
unhygienic environment usually with inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking
water facilities. (Census of India, 2001 and National Slum
Policy)
▪A Slum has been defined as a residential area where
dwellings are unfit for human habitation due to reasons of
dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and
design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty
arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light, or
sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors
which are detrimental to the safety and health (Census of
India, 2011).
▪In 2011 out of urban population of 377 million 65 million
(27% of urban population) lived in extreme shelter
poverty called slum. the number of slum blocks in the
country were estimated to be 110,000.

4. Slums in India
▪The 2011 census presented the first quantitative picture of
assets and amenities in informal housing units, which had
until then been undocumented.
▪58% have open or no drainage •
▪43% must bring water from outside their communities •
▪26% do not have access to clean drinking water •
▪34% have no public toilets in their communities •
▪2 electricity outages occur per day
▪69% possess TV
▪63% have mobile phones
▪90% have electricity
▪94% have kitchens
▪44% have in house toilets
▪50% live in one room houses with an average family size of
over four people

5. Addressing the
Slum –SDGs &
Indian Response
▪The Sustainable Development Goals aspire to
halve the proportion of people living in slums
within each country by 2030.
▪As per SDG this means improving 6 million
households by 2030
▪But India has a more ambitious target in mind; the
government’s Housing for All Policy (2015) aims to
provide every citizen access to adequate housing
by 2022. Estimated shortfall of houses was 19
million in 2012, with 95% of this need being in the
low-income segment (less than ₹2,00,000)

6. Approaches to
Tackle The
Problem of Slums
▪Punitive Approach –Slum Clearance
▪A common approach prevalent in many countries even
today.
▪Forceful eviction of slum dweller, relocation within city on
another site but most of the time at outskirts of the city
▪Curative Approach –Slum upgradation & Slum
Development
▪Upgrading the level of physical, social, and economic
urban services as well as land and tenure security.
▪As far as possible undertaking in-situ slum
redevelopment which includes providing housing units
with all urban services.
▪Preventive Approach
▪Creating and providing opportunities for urban poor and
enabling them to find affordable housing solutions. It
involves predicting and planning for urban population
increase.

7. Affordable
Housing –Why?
“…future national competitiveness and economic
success will depend on the comparative
efficiency of cities. Because housing is where
jobs go to sleep at night, the quantity, quality,
availability and affordability of housing becomes
a key component in national economic
competitiveness”.
-Rakesh Mohan

8. Affordable
Housing –Why?
▪Housingthatcanbeaffordedbythemedianwage-earnerisa
pre-requisiteforthecitytoattractandretainthelabourforce
requiredtoensureitseconomicsuccess.
▪AffordableHousingisoneoftheindicatorsofbalancedgrowth
inthecountry.Whenhousingbecomesunaffordable,thereis
eitherabubbleinthehousingmarketwithserious
repercussionstoeconomicpolicy,orotherimbalancesinthe
economy.
▪Affordablehousinghasmultiplelinkagestootheraspectsof
theindividual'swell-being.Affordablehousinghasledto
betteraccesstohealthcare,toeducation,andtoperceived
controlandlife-satisfaction.Affordablehousingalsoservesto
reducecrime.
▪OneneedtodifferentiatebetweenSocialhousing,whichis
providedbygovernmentstotheeconomicallyweakersections
ofsociety,andAffordableHousing,whichistypicallybuiltby
not-for-profitorprivateplayerswithgovernmentsubsidies.

9. Defining
Affordability –
Rental
Affordability
▪The expenditure approach to housing affordability
considers whether households are able to afford a house
based on their income levels.
▪Rental affordability: This measure historically was based
on affordability based on “housing consumption” and
was introduced in its earliest form by the United States
National Housing Act of 1937, where a measure of
housing rents to income levels of households was used.
The Brooke Amendment to the Housing and Urban
Development Act (1968) in the US, revised in 1981,
recommends a figure of 30% as the maximum
proportion of income available for payment towards
rent.

10. Defining
Affordability –
Purchase
Affordability
▪Purchase affordability is measured as a ratio of
housing costs (or monthly mortgage payments)
to monthly income of the household.
▪Affordability increases through access to mortgage
financing. The lack of documentation for meeting
know your customer (KYC) norms, inability to
provide salary slips and show income proof,
inadequate information on mortgage choices, and
mistrust of the banking system are all documented
as reasons for the low-income group not accessing
mortgages

11. Defining
Affordability –
Location,
Livability, Total
Cost Affordability
▪Location affordability (H+T) -which takes into account the
transportation costs of housing choice. Affordable housing is a
trade-off between land costs, which are lower in the outskirts,
and the transportation costs to the nearest employment
centre, which typically increases as distance from city centre
increases.
▪Affordable+livability -Affordable livability refers to the notion
that affordable structures should be supported by availability
of hard infrastructure (physical infrastructure) such as water,
electricity, communication, and transportation, as well as
social infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, police station,
governance mechanisms.
▪Total cost of housing affordability -Costs of housing include
ongoing/routine maintenance costs as well as payments for
amenities such as water, power etc. Total costs take into
account purchase costs as well as operational costs.

12. Defining
Affordable
Housing
Demand & Supply
Side
▪These complexities point to the need for a comprehensive and
holistic concept of Affordable Housing (AH).
▪The inherent complexity of the term is brought out in the Habitat
Agenda definition: “Adequate shelter means more than a roof
over one's head: It also means adequate privacy; adequate
space; physical accessibility; adequate security; adequate
lighting, heating and ventilation; adequate basic infrastructure –
all of which should be available at affordable cost”
▪Both supply side (assistance to developers) and demand side
(capital grants, interest subventions, tax concessions) subsidies /
measures are necessary to achieve this.
▪There are demand constraints and supply side constraints in
addressing issue of slum redevelopment and affordable housing.

13. Demand side:
Limited Access to
Financial
Resources for
Slum Households
▪The traditional real-estate market in India has focused
on serving the needs of the urban rich, households with
monthly income greater than ₹60,000.
▪At the base of the income pyramid, a typical double-
income slum household can only earn up to ₹7,500 –
10000 per month.
▪Households Earning less than Rs. 10000 pm = 10.6 mn
▪Earning between Rs. 10000 to 15000 pm = 7.5 mn
▪Earning between Rs. 15000 to 25000 pm = 0.8 mn
▪Earning above Rs. 25000 pm = 0.1 mn
▪The urban poor lack the access to formal financial
resources to help them purchase new homes or
maintain a new life in a new housing unit.

14. Demand side:
Limited Access to
Financial
Resources for
Slum Households
▪Traditional companies have been hesitant to play in the
informal sector to a great extent due to the high per
capita costs of serving this section, aggravated in the
informal sector by the perceived difficulty in assessing
risks of the client.
▪According to MoL&E, 65%-70% of the workers in urban
areas are working in the informal sector.
▪Since they are paid in real cash, and they lack collateral,
formal records of identification, address and salary, they
remain under served by Bank, HFCs other FI.

15. Supply Side:
Issues in Providing
Affordable
Housing for the
Urban Poor
▪A well-established pricing rule indicates that a
household can afford a home priced below a forty-
month income. Therefore, these slum households could
only afford to buy a unit cheaper than ₹4,00,000.
▪Lack of available urban land
▪Excess control over land development –artificial
▪Lack of transparent land transaction records
▪Lack of marketable land parcels
▪Rising construction cost
▪Regulatory constraints
▪Statutory approvals take 1.5 to 2.0 years
▪India is ranked 183 out of 189 economies in dealing with
construction permits by the World Bank

16. Slum
Redevelopment
(in-situ
development)
▪Globally several interventions to provide ‘Housing for
All’ which can be grouped in two categories
▪Slum Redevelopment –UK & USA –London -Newyork
▪Slum Upgradation
▪The former rebuilds a slum from scratch, and the latter
enables the slum dwellers to make improvements in
their households while municipalities upgrade the level
of service to the slum.
▪In in-situ redevelopment, the implementing agency
would provide a temporary accommodation for slum-
dwellers until construction was completed. Then,
beneficiaries were moved back onto their original land,
into improved housing with better amenities. This
process enables continuation of livelihood and
maintains social ties. The success of this policy depends
▪Ensuring decent quality of housing
▪Ensuring timely redevelopment
▪Identification of beneficiaries

17. CASE STUDY:
U.S. Housing Act
of 1949
▪It aimed to provide a decent home to every American
family by 1955 by redeveloping slum areas and
construct 810,000 units of public housing.
▪Federal government incentivized local government to
use their powers of eminent domain to clear and then
sell parcels of land in blighted urban areas for either
public housing projects or for urban redevelopment.
▪It also provided federal grants and loans to create
public housing with low rental rates and construction
cost caps.
▪These two features of the scheme were most
controversial, because of the social cost it caused(racial
segregation and large scale relocation of 300,000
families).
▪All of this led to substantial delay in achievement of the
goal, and it took 20 years to complete construction of all
housing units

18. CASE STUDY:
U.K., The Slum
Clearance
Compensation
Act -1956
▪In the U.K., the Slum Clearance Compensation Act of 1956
guided the policies to deal with slums that had sprawled
through the industrial cities of London, Glasgow, and
Liverpool.
▪The policy encouraged local councils to initiate mass slum
clearance, demolish poor quality housing, and replace with
new buildings. This resulting social housing was primarily
financed by the state and was one of the most expensive
programs of the time.
▪As a result of this program, by 1979, 1.5 million dwellings
had been demolished and more than about 3.70 million
people (15% of the total population of Britain) had been
relocated
▪At the time, scholars criticized the policy for relocating
public housing to town outskirts and for shifting low-rise
housing to high-rise flats. Recently, studies have shown that
most of these families were happy to move from squalid
insanitary housing to a house which offered better
amenities such as hot running water, electric lights, and
heating

19. CASE STUDY:
U.S. Housing Act
of 1949
▪Efficient land use: 57,000 acres (90 square miles) of
pure residential area was redeveloped to create public
amenities and places for commercial use. 35 % was
used for residential redevelopment, 27 % was used for
streets and public rights-of-way, 15 % was used for
industrial purposes, 13 % was used for commercial
purposes, and 11 % was used for public or “semi-
public” spaces
▪Lessons from United States Housing Act of 1949:
▪Provide spaces for Livelihood:
▪Construction of quality housing units by effective
agencies
▪In-Situ Redevelopment will minimize relocation:

20. Case Study:
Slum Upgradation
▪By the mid-1980s, the World Bank targeted slum areas in
developing countries by providing a package of basic
services, including clean water supply and adequate
sewage disposal, to improve the wellbeing of the slum
community.
▪The largest of these interventions occurred in
Indonesia, where the World Bank ran the ambitious
Kampung Improvement Program for twenty-five years.
In the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, the World Bank’s
activities affected over 5 million people in fifteen years
and involved some 300 local government units around
the country, emphasizing the provision of water,
sanitation, shelter, and roads.
▪Slum upgradation approach also involves providing
security of tenure for slum residents and thereby
unlocking the land capital’s potential for eligible slum
dwellers. (Hernando de-Soto’s influential work in Peru
In the 1990’s)

21. Case Study:
Slum Upgradation
▪One of the biggest challenges of slum upgradation projects
is scaling up these pilot projects.
▪In the context of developing countries, not only does
scaling-up projects require effective local government
agencies, financial ecosystems for low-income housing,
and legal systems.
▪Measuring outcomes for slum upgrading projects is
challenging because of the piecemeal nature of its
upgradation, and a focus on quantity of people reached
rather than quality of projects.
▪Cost-effectiveness is also challenged when projects are
unable to make an efficient use of land.
▪The World Bank promotes upgradation as a better strategy
to develop squatter settlements because it preserves
investments by the slum dwellers for their homes.
▪However, governments around the world look to
redevelopment in response to needs of urban poor which
are not satisfied by piecemeal upgradation efforts and
demand a significant improvement in quality of life.

22. Addressing
Slums in India in
the past
▪Subsidized Industrial Housing Scheme 1952
▪EWS Housing Scheme
▪Low Income Group Housing Scheme 1954
▪Slum Areas Improvement and Clearance Program 1956
▪Site and Service Scheme 1960
▪Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums 1972-73
▪Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns
(IDSMT) 1979
▪EWS Housing Scheme (EWSHS) 1980
▪Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCSS) 1981
▪Urban Basic Services Scheme (UBSS) 1986
▪Urban Basic Services for Poor (UBSP) Program 1990-91

23. Addressing
Slums in India in
the past
▪IDSMT 1995
▪National Slum Development Scheme 1996
▪Two million Housing Program 1998-99
▪Valmiki –AmbedkarAwasYojana–2001
▪Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP) –JNNURM –2005
▪Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small
and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) –JNNURM -2005
▪Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program
(IHSDP) –JNNURM –2005
▪Rajiv AwasYojana(RAY) –2011
▪Housing for All (PMAY) -2015

24. Addressing
Slums in India in
the past
▪National Slum Development Scheme (NSDP) –
▪Essentially a slum upgradation scheme –Started in 1996
with the aim to upgrade 47,124 slums throughout India.
▪It identified a target slum in each city which it planned
to develop as a “model” slum for improvements in
physical amenities -such as water supply, storm water
drains, community baths and latrines, wider paved
lanes, sewers, streetlights, etc. for the entire slum.
▪NSDP provided both loans and subsidies to states for
slum rehabilitation projects on the basis of their urban
slum population.
▪Beneficiaries were provided loans to make
improvements to housing while governments invested
in providing community amenities.
▪Only 70 % funds got disbursed, Rs. 30.9 billion were
spent.

25. Addressing
Slums in India in
the past
▪Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) –
▪Started in 2005 as a part of JNNURM in 63 cities
▪The original intent of this program was to provide security
of tenure at affordable prices and improved housing, water
supply, and sanitation, it ultimately became a housing
construction program subsidized and implemented by the
government.
▪Government agencies estimated the housing unit cost as
₹3,00,000 and decided to provide a housing subsidy of
approximately 88%, with the remaining 12% contributed
from the end beneficiary.
▪BSUP failed to take into account the limited capacity of
government for implementation of such a project. Limited
local government capacity resulted in poor monitoring
during the construction process leading to poor quality
housing. Lack of transparency resulted in cost escalations.
▪In Bhopal quality was so bad only 30 % took up these
houses.
▪BSUP spent ₹268 billion to construct 1,028,503 housing
units

26. The Slum
Redevelopment
Scheme –
Housing for All
▪In June 2015, the Cabinet of India approved the Housing for
All scheme, with the goal to provide housing to every
Indian household by 2022.
▪For slums which are tenable –able to be maintained and
not at high risk –the government recommends an in-situ
redevelopment policy irrespective of the tenure status of
the slums.
▪It plans to operationalize this policy through private sector
partnerships. State or urban local bodies will provide slum
areas with additional floor space index which will result in
verticalization of the sprawl. The freed up land area from
the verticalization can be used by private developers for
commercial resale. This will allow private builders to
construct houses for eligible slum dwellers free of cost.
▪In places where such cross-subsidization isn’t possible, the
government will share the financial burden through
viability gap funding (60-75%). The process will involve a
transparent bidding process from private developers.
▪The policy also includes a small slum upgradation
component to involve beneficiary-led individual housing
construction.

27. The Slum
Redevelopment
Scheme –
Housing for All
▪The task of providing housing for all cannot be achieved
by government interventions alone, hence the government
has articulated its policy of incentivizing the private sector
to participate in effective redevelopment of the entire slum
community.
▪The slum redevelopment component of this scheme
proposes that the government aims to use land occupied
by squatter settlements as a resource to subsidize housing
for urban poor.
▪This is hoped to solve the problems of land shortage while
subsidizing the cost of housing for urban poor to as little as
zero in some cases.
▪By involving the private sector and using real-estate as a
financing tool, this component of the policy marks a stark
departure from the previous policies which focused on
▪piecemeal upgradation efforts in slums (National Slum
Development Program) or
▪used government machinery to create poor quality public
housing (Basic Services to Urban Poor).

28. PMAY (U) -Features
Mission Highlights
•Puccahousetoalleligibleurban
poorbytheyear2022
•Missiontocover:
i.AllStatutorytowns(Census
2011)& towns notified
subsequently
ii.NotifiedPlanningAreas
iii.Notified Development
Authorities(excludingrural
areas)
•Ownershipofhousestobeinthe
nameofadultfemalememberorin
thejointname
•FlexibilitytoStates-appraisaland
approvalatStatelevel
•100%houseswithToilets
•AHPAffordablehousingin
Partnershipwithprivateorpublic
sector(AssistanceofRs.1.5lakh
perEWShouse)
•BLCBeneficiary-Ledindividual
House Construction or
Enhancement(GoIgrant@Rs.
1.5LakhperHouse)
•CLSS Affordablehousing
throughCreditlinkedSubsidy
Scheme(Upfrontinterestsubsidy
rangingfrom3to6.5%)
•ISSR In-Situ Slum
Redevelopmentusinglandasa
resource([email protected]
perHouse)
28

29. PMAY (U) -Eligibility Criteria 29
The Beneficiary:
… should belong to EWS, LIG or MIG category
… should not own a puccahouse anywhere in India
Family comprising
husband, wife and
unmarried
children
OR
Adult earning
member
irrespective of
marital status
BENEFICIARY

30. 30
PMAY (U) –Process Flow
Selection of Cities
by States / UTs
Consultation with
all Stakeholders
Signing of MoU
between CNAs and PLIs
Loan applications
Approval and Sanction
by PLIs after due
diligence
Release of
Loan Subsidy
Demand Survey by
State/ UTs
HFAPoA/ AIP
SLAC / SLSMC
approval
CSMC approval
Release of funds
from GoI
Project
Implementation
Random DPRs
appraised
at MoHUPAlevel
State to fix timelines
on Mandatory
Conditions
CL
SS

31. Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) 31
Particulars EWS LIG MIG I MIG II
HouseholdIncome(Rs.) Upto
3,00,000/-
3,00,001/-to
6,00,000/-
6,00,001/-to
12,00,000/-
12,00,001/-to
18,00,000/-
DwellingUnitCarpetArea(Upto)
insq.m&approvalMonth 30 60 160 200
InterestSubsidy(%p.a.) 6.5% 4.0% 3.0%
MaximumLoanTenure 20 Years
EligibleHousingLoanAmountfor
InterestSubsidy(Rs)* 6,00,000/- 9,00,000/-12,00,000/-
DiscountedRateforNetPresent
Value(NPV)calculation 9%
UpfrontAmountforSubsidy(Rs.)
fora20YearLoan
2,67,280/- 2,35,068/- 2,30,156/-
SavingsinMonthlyEMI(Rs.)
Approx.@LoanInterestof10%
2,500/- 2,250/- 2,200/-

32. Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) 32
•Interestsubventiononhomeloans
takenbyeligibleurbanpoor
(EWS/LIG) for acquisition,
constructionorenhancementof
house
•Subsidycreditedupfronttotheloan
accountofbeneficiariesthrough
lendinginstitutions
•HUDCO andNHBidentifiedas
CentralNodalAgencies(CNAs)to
channelizethesubsidytoPrimary
LendingInstitutions(PLIs)
•HighesteverpayoutofRs14,693Cr
asinterestloansubsidyto6.49
LakhsbeneficiariesunderCLSS
forEWS/LIGandMIGcategory
Types of PLIs under CLSS
Housing Finance Companies
Public Sector Banks
Private Sector Banks
Small Finance Banks
Regional Rural Banks
Co-operative Banks

33. Physical Progress
Urbanhousingrequirementaccessed
duringthemissionperiod(2015-22)
11.2Million
HousesApprovedasondate
10.8Million
6.7 Million
HousesGrounded
3.8Million
HousesCompleted/Delivered
PMAY-U is propelling an investment which is nearly 17 times the
investment made earlier in affordable housing program
INR 6.40
lakh
crores
•Total
Investment
INR
1.72
lakh
crores
•Central
Assistance
Committed
INR
76750
crores
•Central
Assistance
Released
Financial
Progress
33
Progress of Scheme
AHP Houses
2.38 Million
BLC Houses
6.74 Million
CLSS Houses
1.2 Million
ISSR Houses
0.45 Million

34. I.To encourage private participation in Affordable Housing
34
MoHUAinitiatives for Housing Sector
oGoods&ServicesTax(GST)forAffordableHousing
reducedto1%fromtheexisting8%.Forother‘under
construction’housing,GSThasbeenreducedto5%
fromtheexisting12%(withoutinputtaxcredit)
oAffordableHousingaccordedInfrastructureStatus
byincludingitintheHarmonisedlistofInfrastructure
oFiscalincentivesprovidedintheIncomeTax(under
section80-IBA),whichlead100%deductionofprofits
andgainsforAffordableHousingprojectsextended
till31.03.2020
oEightModelsunderPublicPrivatePartnership
(PPP)forAffordableHousingcirculatedtoStates/UTs
tofacilitateprivatesectorparticipation

35. II.To improve Accountability and Professionalism
35
MoHUAinitiatives for Housing Sector
•RealEstateRegulation&DevelopmentAct(RERA)
broughtanewera,whichensurestheregulation&
promotionofRealEstateSector.RERAreformedthesector
toencouragegreatertransparency,accountabilityand
financialdisciplineforallitsstakeholders.
•OnlineBuildingPermissionSystem(OBPS):Forreducing
thenumberofproceduresandtimerequiredtoobtaina
buildingpermit.1,688citiesincludingallULBsin11States
haveimplementedOBPS.
•EaseofDoingBusiness(EoDB)-Indiahasimproved23
ranksintheWorldBank’s“EaseofDoingBusinessIndex”to
moveto77
th
place,becomingthetoprankedcountryin
SouthAsiaforthefirsttime.Inconstructionpermit,India
climbedfrom181
st
to52
nd
place.

36. III.To enhance the Housing Eco-System
36
MoHUAinitiatives for Housing Sector
oDraftNationalUrbanPolicyFramework(NUPF)
preparedwhichoutlinesanintegratedandcoherent
approachtowardsthefutureofurbanplanninginIndia.
oRetirementHomePolicyhasbeenreleasedtoprotect
therightsofseniorcitizensforanindependentand
dignifiedlivingposttheirretirement.
oRentalHomePolicydraftedtoprovideabalance
opportunitytobothtenantsandownersinorderto
enablewin-winsituationandtofacilitatebestutilization
ofvacanthouses.
oAffordableHousingFundsetupatNationalHousing
Bank(NHB)fundedbyprioritysectorlendingbacklogs
shallreducetheborrowingcostforthebeneficiaryas
NHBwillberefinancingmoreloansgivenbyPrimary
LendingInstitutionsinthetargetedsegment.

37. Affordable Rental
Housing
Complexes
Scheme
▪a Sub-scheme under Pradhan MantriAwasYojana-
Urban (PMAY-U) to provide affordable rental housing to
urban migrants/ poor, close to their workplace.
▪Beneficiaries for ARHCs will be varied groups of urban
migrants/ poor from EWS/ LIG categories including
industrial & construction workers, migrants working
with market/ trade associations, educational/ health
institutions, hospitality sector, long-term tourists/
visitors, students etc.
▪ARHCs to be considered till PMAY (U) Mission period
i.e. March 2022.
▪To be implemented in all Statutory Towns, Notified
Planning Areas and areas under Special Area/
Development Authorities/ Industrial Development
Authorities

38. Affordable Rental
Housing
Complexes
Scheme
▪Two-pronged implementation strategy: -
▪Model-1: Utilizing existing Government funded vacant
houses to convert into ARHCs through Public Private
Partnership (PPP) or by Public Agencies –130064 Vacant
Houses are available for this scheme.
▪Model-2: Construction, Operation & Maintenance of
ARHCs by Public/ Private Entities on their own available
vacant land
▪Signing ofMOUswith States/UTs
▪ARHCs can be a mix ofSingle Bedroomunit of up to 30
sqm/Double Bedroomunit of up to 60 sqmwith living
area, kitchen, toilet and bathroom; andDormitory
Bedof up to 10 sqmcarpet areas each, including all
common facilities.
▪A maximum of 33%houses with double room is
permissible in a project.
▪In-block rentingfor smooth implementation and
sustained income

39. Affordable Rental
Housing
Complexes
Scheme
▪Incentives Proposed for Private/Public Entities