AGRI-INST-2-CREATIVE-AND-CRITICAL-THINKING.pdf

about creative and critical thinking

2. Critical Thinking
•21st-century skill that enables a person to think rationally and
logically in order to reach a plausible conclusion.
• A critical thinker assesses facts and figures and data
objectively and determines what to believe and what not to
believe.
•Critical thinking skills empower a person to decipher complex
problems and make impartial and better decisions based on
effective information.

3. •Critical thinking skills cultivate habits of mind such as strategic
thinking, skepticism, discerning fallacy from the facts, asking
good questions and probing deep into the issues to find the
truth.

4. Critical Thinking
•RichardPaul(1988)-asreachingtotheconclusionaccordingtotheobjectivesand
knowledge.
•Norris(1985)-mentionsitasstudents’applicationofpreviousknowledgeand
changingitaftervaluationprocess(ascitedinDemirel,2012).
•Seferoglu&Akbıyık,2006-criticalthinkingisakindofabilitytolookatevents,
conditionsorthoughtswithacarefuleyeandmakingcomments,decisions,studying
onthereliabilityandvalidityoftheknowledgeaccordingtostandardsoflogicand
themind.
•Howard,Tang&Austion,2015;Watson&Galser,1980-Thishigherorder
thinkingabilityprovidestheopportunitytoreasontheexistedknowledgeorsituation
tocorrectthemistakesandcompletedeficitsinordertoreachappropriatesituations.

5. •Thurman,2009-criticalthinkingskillsinvolveidentificationandanalysisofinformational
sourcesforcredibility,indicatingpreviousknowledgeandmakingconnectionsanddeducingto
conclusions.Shortly,thegeneralcharacteristicsofcriticalthinkingcanbelistedasthe
following:
➢ Reasoning and suspecting
➢Lookingatsituationsfrommultipleperspectivesanddimensions
➢Tobeopentochangesandinnovations
➢Tolookatthoughtswithoutprejudices
➢ Being open minded
➢ Thinking analytically
➢ Paying attention to details
•Advantages of critical thinking;
➢Peoplewhoarecriticalthinkersthinkfreelyandindependently
➢Peopledon’tbehavewithoutthinking
➢Individualscanstatetheproblemexplicitly(Demirel,2012).

6. Importance of Acquiring Critical Thinking
Skills
•Acquiring critical thinking skills was never as valuable as it is today
because of the prevalence of the modern knowledge economy.
•Today, information and technology are the driving forces behind the
global economy.
• To keep pace with ever-changing technology and new inventions, one has
to be flexible enough to embrace changes swiftly.

7. •Today critical thinking skills are one of the most sought-after
skills by the companies.
•In fact, critical thinking skills are paramount not only for active
learning and academic achievement but also for the
professional career of the students.
•The lack of critical thinking skills catalyzes memorization of the
topics without a deeper insight, egocentrism, closed-
mindedness, reduced student interest in the classroom and
not being able to make timely and better decisions.

8. Benefits of Critical Thinking Skills in Education
•It allows a student to decipher problems and think through the situations in a
disciplined and systematic manner
•Through a critical thinking ability, a student can comprehend the logical
correlation between distinct ideas
•The student is able to rethink and re-justify his beliefs and ideas based on facts
and figures
•Critical thinking skills make the students curious about things around them

9. Benefits of Critical Thinking Skills in
Education
•A student who is a critical thinker is creative and always strives to
come up with out of the box solutions to intricate problems
•Critical thinking skills assist in the enhanced student learning
experience in the classroom and prepares the students for lifelong
learning and success
•The critical thinking process is the foundation of new discoveries and
inventions in the world of science and technology

10. Benefits of Critical Thinking Skills in
Education
•The ability to think critically allows the students to think intellectually
and enhances their presentation skills, hence they can convey their
ideas and thoughts in a logical and convincing manner
•Critical thinking skills make students a terrific communicator because
they have logical reasons behind their ideas

11. Creative Thinking
•Creativethinkingcanbedefinedastheentiresetofcognitiveactivities
usedbyindividualsaccordingtoaspecificobject,problemandcondition,
oratypeofefforttowardaparticulareventandtheproblembasedon
thecapacityoftheindividuals.
•Theytrytousetheirimagination,intelligence,insight,andideaswhen
theyfacetosuchsituations.

12. Creative Thinking
•Inaddition,theytrytosuggestanauthenticandnewdesign,generate
differenthypotheses,solvetheproblemwiththehelpofdiscovering
andfindingnewapplications(Glass,2004;Young&Balli,2014)whereby
eachindividualrealizeshis/herknowledgedeficitsandtriestobridgethis
gapwhileobtainingnewviewpointsbylookingattheproblemfrom
multipleperspectiveswiththehelpofmakingunusualconnectionsand
takingrisksbasedontheirinsightstoproducealternativesolutions
towardtheproblemorsituationwithgreatpatienceanddetermination.

13. •Generally,creativethinkingiscorrelatedtocriticalthinking,andproblemsolving.
Actually,therearethreedimensionsofcreativethinkingassynthesising,
articulationandimaginationhavingthefollowingqualities(Aslan,2007;Rhodes,
1961;Sternberg,2009)
•➢Synthesising:Thisdimensionincludesvariousactivitiessuchasgettingbenefit
fromanalogousthinking,deducingoriginalresultfromsmallparts,presentingnovel
andauthenticsuggestionstothesolutionoftheproblem.
•➢Articulation:Itinvolvesformingtheoldandnewknowledgeorexpandingthe
currentknowledgewiththehelpofthenewone,constructingunusualrelationshipto
produceauthenticsolutionsandmakingthoughtsconcretewiththehelpof
imaginationanduseofthematerials.
•➢Imagination:Thisdimensionisconsistedofconstructingrelationshipbetween
validandreliablethoughts,presentingflexiblewaysofthoughtwiththehelpof
imagination,tocomeupwithdifferentinsightsduringideaproducingprocess.

14. Basedonthedimensionsofthecreativethinking,itsgeneralcharacteristics
canbelistedasthefollowing(Gilhooly,Ball&Macchi,2015;Kember&Leung,2009;Liu,He&Li,2015);
➢ Flexibility
➢ Authenticity
➢ Multiple thinking
➢ Wondering
➢ Thinking fast and independent
➢To be open to criticism
➢ Rationalism
➢ Being suspicious
➢To come up with different solutions
➢To realize and define the problem
➢ To suggest possible solutions

15. •Theconjecturethatonlyparticulartypesofpeoplecanbecreativeis
demodedthankstoeducationaldevelopmentsbecausecreativethinking
isnotmerelybasedonart-basedactivitiessuchasdance,music,
drama,...etc.,aspreviouslyassumed.
•Inrecentyears,creativityhasbeenvaluedasuniversalcapabilitythat
itcanbeappliedineverydaysituations.
•Itisinterpretedascapabilityofhumanintelligenceinsteadofa
subject.
•Sternbergdefinescreativityasanimaginativeactionfashionedsoasto
produceoutcomeswhicharebothoriginalandofvalue(Craftetal.
2006;Sternberg,2003;ascitedinRobson,2013).

16. Creative And Critical Thinking
•Creativeandcriticalthinkingskillsaretheabilities,whichcansometimes
beusedinterchangeablyindefinition
•.Infact,theyhavedifferentconstructsbecausetheydifferentiatein
outcomeofhumanbehaviours.
•Alsooneoftoday’srequirementsisthatindividualsshouldapproach
everydayproblemsbyusingbothcompetences.So,oneofthehelpful
toolfordevelopmentofcreativityandcriticalthinkingskillsproposedis
problem-basedlearningenvironmentsinclassrooms

17. SOCIAL INNOVATION

18. •Social Innovation is about creating solutions that addresses the user’s needs. You cannot serve the
community to improve their lives if you do not understand them and work together with them. The key
wordshereisworkingWITHthecommunity,immersingyourselvesintothelivesofthecommunityto
understandwhatisneeded.

19. The Growing Importance of Social Innovation
innovation–new ideas that work to meet pressing unmet needs and improve peoples’ lives.
Ex:
•Self-help health groups and self-build housing;
•Telephones
•neighbourhoodnurseries and neighbourhoodwardens
•Wikipedia and the Open University;
•complementary medicine, holistic health and hospices;
•Microcredit and consumer cooperatives;
•charity shops and the fair trade movement;
•zero carbon housing schemes
•community wind farms;
•restorative justice and community courts.