Agronomy basic.pptx

Agronomy basics ppt

1. Name of course: Introduction to Agronomy and Horticulture Course code :   FNR 116 3(2+1) Course credit : 3 (2+1) Year and semester of degree programme : 1 st year and 1 st semester Academic section: 2022-23 Course instructor/instructors: Dr. Gunjan Guleria and Dr. Gaurav Sharma

2. S.N. Topic   Agronomy, scope and its role in crop production 2.   Major Field crops of India – classification, area, distribution and productivity of major Field crops 3.   Farming and cropping systems – mono, sole and multiple cropping, relay, sequential and inter cropping. 4.   Tillage- definition- objectives – types of tillage- tillage implements – tilth - characteristics of good tilth - 5.   Soil productivity and fertility- Crop nutrition – nutrients –classification – Nutrient sources- organic manures –fertilizers – biofertilizers- Integrated Nutrient Management 6.   Importance of water in plant growth- Soil properties influencing moisture availability – texture, structure and organic matter status- Irrigation and drainage. 7.   Weed control – definition and characteristics of weeds, classification of weeds – damages due to weeds - benefits of weeds. -Control vs prevention of weeds – methods of weed control Classification of herbicides–Integrated weed management 8.   Soil and its management 9.   Definitions and importance of horticulture 10.   Present status of horticulture 11.   Economic importance of horticulture 12.   Classification of horticultural crops 13.   Nutritive value 14.   Soil and climate 15.   Principles, planning and layout management 16.   Principles and methods of pruning and training of fruit, plantation 17.   Use of growth regulators in horticulture crops 18.   Horticultural zones of state and country

3. S.N. Topic 1 Identification of field crops 2   Identification of tillage implements 3 Preparation of seed beds 4 Identification of fertilizers, mixing chemical fertilizers and calculating fertilizer requirements 5 Identification of manures and green manure plants 6 Identification of important weeds of the region with particular reference to forest plantations 7 Preparation of weed herbarium 8 Calculations of spray volume and herbicide concentrations. 9 Methods of application of herbicides 10 Identification of horticultural crops 11 Identification of garden tools and implements 12 Planning and layout of orchard and plantations 13 Kitchen garden/nutritional garden 14 Digging and filling of pits for fruit and plantation crops 15 Planting systems 16 Training and pruning of orchard 17 Layout of different irrigation systems   18 Maturity standards, harvesting, grading, packaging and storage

4. Index Agriculture Agronomy Importance of Agronomy Scope of Agronomy Relation of agronomy with other sciences Role of agronomy in crop production

5. AGRICULTURE Agriculture = Ager or Agri + Cultura Ager or Agri means soil Cultura means cultivation Agriculture is an applied science which encompasses all aspects of crop production including horticulture, livestock rearing, fisheries, forestry, etc. LATIN WORDS

6. Definition Agriculture is defined as an art, science and business of producing crops and livestock for economic purposes

7. Agriculture is defined in the Agriculture Act 1947 , as including ‘horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming and livestock breeding and keeping, the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of land for woodlands where that use ancillary to the farming of land for Agricultural purposes”

8. Agriculture is grouped in four major categories A. Crop Improvement Plant breeding and genetics Bio-technology B. Crop Management Agronomy Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Seed technology Agricultural Microbiology Crop-Physiology Agricultural Engineering Environmental Sciences Agricultural Meteorology C. Crop Protection Agricultural Entomology Plant Pathology Nematology D. Social Sciences Agricultural Extension Agricultural Economics Allied disciplines Agricultural Statistics English Mathematics Bio-Chemistry etc.

9. AGRONOMY Agronomy is derived from a Greek word AGROS means ‘field’ NOMOS means ‘ management or to manage’ Principles of agronomy deal with scientific facts in relations to environment in which crops are produced

10. DEFINITION OF AGRONOMY It is defined as an agricultural science deals with principles and practices of crop production and field management Agronomy is branch of agricultural science, which deals with principles, & practices of soil, water & crop management It is branch of agricultural science that deals with methods which provide favorable environment to the crop for higher productively

11. Norman (1980) has define Agronomy as the science of manipulating the crop environment complex with dual aims of improving agriculture productivity and gaining a degree of understanding of the process involved American Agronomist

12. Pietro de' Crescenzi   ( 1230 – 1320 ) Father of Agronomy

13. IMPORTANCE Mother branch or primary branch Agronomy has three clear branches Crop Science (plant breeding, crop physiology and biochemistry etc .) Soil Science (soil fertilizers, manures) Environmental Science (meteorology and crop ecology) that deals only with applied aspects i.e. Soil-Crop-Environmental relationship.

14. “ Scientist who studies the principles and practices of crop production and soil management for production of food for human beings and feed for his animals”. AGRONOMIST

15. • Develops better ways of producing food, feed and fibre • Aims at obtaining maximum production at minimum cost • Responsibilities of all social, economic, cultural problems in addition to field problems for the effective functioning of the farm in general • C arries out research on scientific cultivation of crops • To develop efficient method of cultivation • To identify various types of nutrients required by crops Better weed management practice Irrigation management Crop planning Method of harvesting, time for harvesting, etc. Decision-making in the farm management

16. SCOPE Agronomy science becomes imperative in Agriculture in the following areas: • Identification of proper season for cultivation of wide range of crops is needed which could be made possible only by Agronomy science • Proper methods of cultivation are needed to reduce the cost of cultivation and maximize the yield and economic returns • Availability and application of chemical fertilizers has necessitated the generation of knowledge to reduce the ill-effects due to excess application and yield losses due to the unscientific manner of application • Availability of herbicides for control of weeds has led to development for a vast knowledge about selectivity, time & method of its application • Water management practices play grater role in present day crisis of water demand and Agronomy science answer to the questions ‘how much to apply?’ and ‘when to apply ?’

17. SCOPE • Intensive cropping is the need of the day and proper time and space intensification not only increase the production but also reduces the environmental hazards • New technology to overcome the effect of moisture stress under dry land condition is explored by Agronomy and future agriculture is depends on dry land agriculture • Packages of practices to explore full potential of new varieties of crops are the most important aspects in crop production which could be made possible only by Agronomy science • Keeping farm implements in good shape and utilizing efficient manner to nullify the present day labour crisis is further broadening the scope of agronomy . • Care and disposal of farm and animal products like milk and eggs and proper maintenance of accounts of all transactions concerning farm business is governing principles of agronomy.

18. Relation of Agronomy to other sciences The Soil Science helps the agronomist to thoroughly understand the soil physical, chemical and biological properties to effect modification of the soil environment. The Agricultural Chemistry help the agronomist to understand the chemical composition and changes involved in the production, protection, and use of crops and livestock. The crop physiology helps to understand the basic life process of crops to understand functioning of each parts of plant to determine their input requirement like nutrients etc. The plant ecology helps us to understand the associated environment in which the crops grown like the influence of weather (Temperature, Rainfall etc ). The biochemistry shows the way in which biochemical process takes place in crops which helps to understand critical requirements to favourably activate this process. The economics paves the way for profit and loss analysis in farming.