Air-And-Water- Environment-Sir-Paul.pptx

ppt

1. Earth's Air and Water Environment Presented by: Fox

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 04 02 05 03 06 Parts of the Atmosphere Distinguish Climate And Weather Four Climate Types How seasons Occur Global Warming Components of the Ocean

3. Structure of the Earth’s Atmosphere The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It protects the planet by blocking harmful solar radiation, regulates temperature, and creates the conditions necessary for life by providing oxygen and trapping heat. The atmosphere also enables weather and climate, allowing for the diversity of environments on Earth.

4. Layers of the Atmosphere Troposphere This is the layer closest to Earth’s surface and contains most of the atmosphere’s mass. It’s where all weather events happen, like clouds forming, rain, and storms. As you go higher in this layer, the temperature decreases. For example, on a mountain like Everest, the higher you climb, the colder it gets. Stratosphere The stratosphere sits above the troposphere and houses the ozone layer. Unlike the troposphere, the temperature here increases with altitude because the ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, warming the air. Mesosphere This is the middle layer of the atmosphere and the coldest. It’s where most meteors burn up upon entering the Earth’s atmosphere, creating shooting stars. The temperature decreases with altitude, reaching as low as -90°C (-130°F). Thermosphere The thermosphere is where the atmosphere starts to thin out, and temperatures can rise extremely high due to the absorption of high-energy radiation from the sun. Despite the high temperatures, it would feel cold to a human because the air is so thin. This is also the layer where the Northern and Southern Lights (auroras) occur.

5. Exosphere The exosphere is the outermost layer, where the atmosphere gradually fades into space. The air is extremely sparse, with particles so far apart that they can travel long distances without colliding. This is where satellites orbit the Earth. Ionosphere The ionosphere is a region of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation, meaning it contains charged particles. This layer is important for radio communication because it can reflect radio waves back to Earth, allowing them to travel long distances.

6. Weather And Climate 2

7. What is Weather And Climate? Climate Climate refers to the long-term average of weather patterns in a particular region over a long period, typically 30 years or more. It includes the typical weather conditions a region experiences, such as average temperatures, humidity, and the likelihood of different types of weather (like rainy seasons or dry spells). Weather refers to the day-to-day conditions in the atmosphere at a specific place and time. It includes factors like temperature, humidity, precipitation (rain, snow), wind speed, and visibility. Weather

8. Types of Weather Four Types of Weather
1. Sunny :
Clear skies and bright sunshine, typically warm temperatures.
Example: A summer day at 30°C (86°F).
2. Rainy :
Overcast skies with precipitation ranging from light drizzle to heavy rain.
Example: A spring day with steady rain at 15°C (59°F).
3. Snowy :
Cold temperatures with snowfall, often accumulating on the ground.
Example: A winter day at -5°C (23°F) with heavy snow.
4. Windy :
Strong winds that can occur with any temperature, affecting how it feels.

9. Climates of the Philippines 1. First Type :
Seasons: Two pronounced seasons—dry from November to April and wet for the rest of the year.
Regions: Western Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, and Palawan.
2. Second Type :
Seasons: No dry season, with maximum rainfall from November to January.
Regions: Catanduanes , Sorsogon , Albay , parts of Camarines Norte and Sur, and Eastern Mindanao.
3. Third Type :
Seasons: Less pronounced seasons; dry from November to April and wet for the remainder of the year.
Regions: Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Eastern Mountain Province, Southern Quezon, Masbate, Romblon, Panay, Cebu, and Eastern Palawan.
4 . Fourth Type :
Seasons: Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year.
Regions: Batanes province, Northeastern Luzon, southwestern Camarines Norte, Bontoc , Mindoro,

10. Global Warming 3

11. Greenhouse Effect And Global Warming The Earth absorbs short-wavelength solar radiation and re-emits it as long-wavelength terrestrial radiation, which gets trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, warming the planet. Increased carbon dioxide and other gases from human activities, like burning fossil fuels, are altering the atmosphere’s composition and contributing to global warming.

This warming leads to melting polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and changes in rainfall patterns, which can cause flooding and impact agriculture. Additionally, the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere reduces protection against harmful UV radiation.

12. Components of the Earth’s Oceans 4

13. Earths Ocean Salinity : Salts make up 99.7% of dissolved materials in seawater, measured as salinity (grams of salts per 1,000 grams of seawater). Fresh water enters the ocean through runoff, precipitation, and melting ice and leaves via evaporation and ice formation. Structure of the Ocean :
•The surface zone is only 2% of the ocean’s volume.
•Below is the transition zone , and the deep zone accounts for 80%.
• Echo sounding measures ocean depths. Water Movement :
•Oceans experience waves, surface currents, density currents, tides, and upwelling.
Stronger winds create larger waves; at 1.75 km/h, ripples form, and at 200 km/h, giant waves (up to 35 meters) occur.
• Tsunamis , caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, can be around 150 km long and travel at 800 km/h, growing to about 30 meters as they near shore.
• Upwelling occurs when deep water rises to the surface, bringing minerals vital for microscopic sea plants.

14. If you have any questions or would like to discuss further, please feel free to reach out. Thank you Miss kona sya guys