Aligarh movement

The Aligarh Movement

1. Aligarh Movement was an important Reform Movement of 19 th century. It was started to end the socio-religious evils of the Muslim Society. Its founder was Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan who got a lot a lot of success in his mission . He was a liberal and a great scholar who studied his religion deeply and tried to put an end to false rituals. He introduced educational reforms to end ignorance. His movement is known a Aligarh movement , because its main centre was at Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh I NTRODUCTION

2. Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan belonged to a noble family of Delhi. Birth  17 October 1817 Father’s name  Mir Muttaqi Mother’s name  Aziz-un- Nisaa After his Father’s death in 1839 A.D., he had to join the services of the British Company and on the basis of his honesty and intelligence, he was promoted to high posts. Life of Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan

3. After the Mutiny of 1857 A.D. , the govt. adopted anti-Muslims attitude because the Muslims had participated actively in the revolt. Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan realized that the interest of the Muslims could be served only be winning the favour of the British Govt. He tried to bring Muslims near English. In 1869, he went to England and propagated his ideology there. In 1876, he decided to launch a movement to reform the social and religious life of the Muslims. He felt to achieve this objective , spread of Education was essential Government’s Anti-Muslim Policy

4. Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan tried to establish Hindu-Muslim Unity. He asked the Muslims to consider themselves that first of all they are Indians and then anything else He asked the Hindus not to consider the Muslims as foreigners. His efforts were praiseworthy but his views were accepted neither by the fundamentalist Hindus nor the fanatic Muslims. Liberal ideas of Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan 

5. Islam was a missionary religion that spread rapidly in India but the arrival of Christianity the situation changed. Christianity started its work against Islam and proved a great hurdle in their way. Superstition and false rituals had become part of Islam as a result of this the Muslims had forgotten the real faith. Initially Muslims believed in the principle of equality but know they had given up this principle. They ill-treated the below class people and the slaves After the Mutiny of 1857, the British Govt. became anti-Muslim because the Muslims had participated more actively in the revolt. After the decline of the Mughal Empire the Muslims had lost political power, their interest were in danger. C AUSES OF A LIGARH M OVEMENT

6. To create an atmosphere of mutual understanding between the British government and the Muslims. To persuade Muslims to learn English education. To persuade Muslims to abstain from politics of agitation. To produce an intellectual class from amongst the Muslim community. To bring a social and cultural reform amongst the Muslim community. To maintain, and as far as possible promote the political and economical importance of Muslims in the affairs of the country to the extent that was possible in a country under foreign rule. O BJECTIVES OF A LIGARH M OVEMENT

7. Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan decided to counter these evils and appealed the Muslims to follow these principles to shun their social evils and the religious backwardness. The teachings given in the Quran are only real and should be followed honestly. God (Allah) is omnipotent. Remember him always. Teachings in religious book except the Quran, should be considered wisely. All Muslims are equal. Do not hate the slaves or low class people. Do not believe in miracles and false rituals. According to Islam, it is not necessary to perform force marriages. Avoid this social evils. Do not hate other religion. Respect them . Jehad or religious war is unjustified. P RINCIPLES OF A LIGARH M OVEMENT

8. For the success of reforms, spread of Education is essential. In 1874 A.D. he set up a school in Aligarh. In 1878 A.D., he set up Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental collage in Aligarh. Islamic as well as western education was imparted in these institution. Medium of Instruction  Under graduate classes  Urdu College  English, Arabic and Urdu He also established Mohammedan Educational Conference. Efforts in Education Field

9. After some time Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan’s Liberal Ideology underwent a Change. He realized that Muslims could be more benefit more from closeness with the English than Hindus. Since the Govt. was anti Muslim and government’s attitude could only be changed by terming the Muslims as pro-government and the Hindus as the anti-government. Change in IDEOLOGY of Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan

10. Secondly, the establishment of Indian National Congress in 1885 made him think that congress was a Hindu organization and Muslims should not support it. Congress was in Favour of democratic rule in India and democracy was harmful for Muslims as they were in Minority. By opposing congress’s demand and supporting the English, Muslims Could be benefit.

11. In order to bring the Muslims near the British, he sought help form Aligarh Educational Center. With the cooperation of the principal of the collage, the Muslims Students were Imparted education form a particular point of view, so that they could realize that their benefit was in supporting the British rule in India. Efforts to Bring Muslims Near British

12. The establishment of Muslim League was also the result of his efforts . It had adverse effect on the National Movement of India which led to the partition of the country on religious basis on 1947 A.D..

13. Aligarh movement was started to improve the Social and Religious conditions of the Muslims……………… But due to the British Policy of  It inclined towards the English.

14. B RIEF C HRONOLOGY

15. Fortunately, Sayyed Ahmad Khan was able to attract into his orbit a number of sincere friends who shared his views and helped him. Among them were well-known figures like Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk, Hali, Shibli, Maulvi Nazir Ahmad, Chiragh Ali, Mohammad Hayat, and Zakaullah . Above all, his gifted son Sayyed Mahmud , a renowned scholar, jurist and educationist, was a great source of help to him. Sayyed Ahmad also succeeded in enlisting the services of a number of distinguished English professors like Bech, Morison, Raleigh and Arnold who gave their best in building up the Aligarh College into a first-rate institution.

16. 1859: Built Gulshan School in Muradabad. 1863: Set up Victoria School in Ghazipur. 1864: Set up the Scientific Society in Ghazipur. This society was involved in the translation of English works into the native language. 1866: Aligarh Institute Gazette . This imparted information on history; ancient and modern science of agriculture, natural and physical sciences and advanced mathematics. 1870: Committee Striving for the Educational Progress of Muslims. 1870: Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq started, December 24.

17. 1873: Scheme for establishing a college presented. 1875: Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental School (M. A. O.), Aligarh, setup on the pattern of English public schools. Later raised to the level of college in 1877 and university in 1920. 1886: Muhammadan Educational Conference. This conference met every year to take stock of the educational problems of the Muslims and to persuade them to get modern education and abstain from politics. It later became the political mouthpiece of the Indian Muslims.  

18. Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan Died in 1898 A.D.. His Services for the Muslim community are quite significant. This movement led to various kinds of social and religious reforms . It put an end to social evils and false rituals and superstitions. Educational institutions were set up. They left an impact on the National Movement which led to India’s Independence.

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