AMIT SINGH MSC NURSING COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

HELIMINTHS
AMIT SINGH
M.sc Nursing CHN

1. HELMINTHS Presented by - Aish Singh

2. Helminth Helminths Helminthology _ study of parasitic worms and their effect on their hosts

3. A division of parasites living inside their host. Parasitic, worm-like organisms that live & feed off living hosts, receiving nutrition & protection. Disrupt hosts' nutrient absorption, causing weakness & disease. Those inside the digestive tract: intestinal parasites. They can live inside humans as well as other animals.

4. Includes 2 phyla; The flatworms ( platyhelminthes ) _Cestodes (or Tapeworms) _Trematodes (or flukes) The Roundworms ( Nemathelminthes )

5. 1. FLATWORMS Adult worms have flattened bodies Have a HEAD Bilaterally symmetrical bodies Specialized organ systems (nervous excretory & reproductive) Have a digestive tract with a single opening through which food enters and waste leaves Some absorb nutrients via their outer covering

6. 1a. TAPEWORMS In the intestines of animals incl. humans Can grow upto 30 feet Flat, segmented body has of 3 parts: A scolex with hooks / suckers to attach the worm to intestinal lining Necklike germinal center where new segments are formed, Segments (Proglottids) -Egg- making machines

7. • Hermaphrodite: Each segment has both male & female reproductive organs • Fertilization occurs within the segment, • The larger & older segments are packed with fertilized eggs • Finally, shed in the feces. • Life cycle: - Larval Form: Develop in muscle, brain, eye, liver, or heart tissue. They displace surrounding tissue, causing serious damage. - Adult Form

8. Taenia saginata – Beef tapeworm Humans parasitized by the Adult form Cattle carry Taenia Saginata larvae Encysted in their muscle as Cysticerci . Humans get this by eating undercooked infected meat Larvae hatch in human intestine Developed in to Tapeworm in their intestines. Proglottids containing eggs, excreted in their feces . If this is on a grazing ,land , cattle might get infected,eggs hatch in cow’s intestine, larvae penetrate the intestinal Wall and encyst in cow muscle

9. Echinococcus granulosus Grazing animal & human carry larval form. Dog carry adult form – Relatively harmless Larvae damage muscles of liver & lungs.

10. 1b.TREMATODES/FLUKES Flattenrd bodies, but NOT segmented. Small, but deadly. Have a ventral SUCKER TO attach firmly to the host. Larval & Adult forms Humans carry adult forms in lung,live & blood vessels Aquatic animals & plants carry larvae: Intermediate hosts

11. Paragonimus westermani – lung Fluke Adult fluke develops in human lung. Hermaphrodite – produces eggs Hatch in water bodies & release free- swimming larvae : MIRACIDIA Penetrates snail and multiplies: Redia Developed into a free- Swimming form :CERCARIA Penetrates crabs/ crayfish,forms cysts;METACERIAE Human consumption of under cooked crads,etc

12. ROUNDWORMS Cylindrical Shaped bodies Bilaterally Symmrtrical , tapered at both end Huve a cpmlete digestive reproductive & nervous System Separate male and female in dividuals Larval & adult forms

13. Trichinella spiralis Causative agent of Trichinosis Larvae from cysts in animal muscles Meat- eating animals ingest these cysts Larvae hatch in the small intestine Develop into adult worms Produce more Larvae Some Larvae, into blood vai intestinal Wall Reach Muscle and form cysts.

14. WHIPWORM - Trichuristrichiura (around worm) causing Trichuriasis

15. Hook Worms, Attached to intestinal mucosa

16. Wuchereria bancrofti (a roundworm that causes elephantiasis)

17. Diseases caused in human Ascariasis Dracunuliasis Elephantiasis Lymphatic filariasis Onchocerciasis Schistosomiasis Trichuriasis

18. Thank you