analytcal lec 1.pptx Chromatography techniques

chomatography

1. Analytical Chemistry Semester 3 rd Lecture: Mr. Taimoor Khan Dept. of Biotechnology University of Swabi , KpK , Pakistan

2. Course content Introduction to Analytical Chemistry Applications Techniques in Analytical Chemistry

3. Introduction to analytical chemistry The use of various analytical techniques in order to separate, identify, and quantify matter or any specific particle (analyte) in the solution.

4. Introduction to chemical analysis Chemical analysis include any aspects of chemical characterization of a sample material. Analytical Chemistry– “ Science of Chemical Measurement”

5. Area of Chemical Analysis Quantitation: How much substance X is in the sample Detection: Does the sample contain the substance X Identification: What is the identity of the substance in the sample Separation: How can the substance of interest be separated from the sample matrix for bitter visualization or identification.

6. Types of analysis

7. Sample: object of analytical procedure Example : blood sample, serum, liquid, plant extracts etc Analyte Substance that is of interest in the analysis.

8. Precepitation Precipitation is the process of transforming a dissolved substance into an insoluble solid from a supersaturated solution. The solid formed is called the precipitate. Or The process in which dissolved substances are separated from a solution as a solid. C lear liquid remaining above called supernant

9. Distillation T he process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation Example : purification of alcohol crude oil refineries

10. Techniques

11. Chromatography C hromatography is an analytical chemistry technique used for the separation of a mixture into its components Stationary phase Paper/thin layer plate Mobile phase Solvent/medium

12. Paper Chromatography Paper chromatography is a widely used analytical technique for separating and identifying components of a mixture based on their relative affinities for a stationary phase (the paper) and a mobile phase (a solvent ). Stationary phase: T he one which does not move with the sample. Mobile phase: T he liquid or solvent which can move when dipped.

13. The separation is based on the differential partitioning between the mobile and the stationary phases. 1900  F irst devised at the University of Kazan by the Italian-born Russian scientist  Mikhail Tsvet . separation of plant  pigments  such as  chlorophyll ,  carotenes , and  xanthophylls . (Green, orange, and yellow, respectively).

14. The mobile phase will move upward resultantly the stationary phase which contain the pigment moves with the solvent. T he components of the mixture will have varying affinities for the paper and the solvent, Those with a higher affinity for the solvent will move up the paper faster, while those with a higher affinity for the paper will move more slowly . Rf Value: D istance each component traveled relative to the solvent front

15. Assessment Quizz 1 Q no. 1. Define spectroscopy. Differentiate between absorption and emission spectroscopy. Q no. 2. What is the function of a monochromator ? Q No. 3. Why is quartz used instead of glass in UV spectroscopy ? Date: 20/10/2025 Date: 20/10/2025