Analytic & synthetic Method

This PPT is useful for both B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students...

1. Analytic & Synthetic Method Dr.G.Jaganmohana Rao Faculty of Education MITE, Kohima

2. Analytical Method: The meaning of the word analysis is to ―separate things that are together. In this method we start from what is to be found or proved. Thorndike says that, Analysis is the highest intellectual performance of the mind . Analysis also means, ―Breaking up of a given problem, so that it connects with what is already known . In analysis we proceed from, Unknown to Known . It is derived from the word analysis, Its means breaking up. It leads to conclusion to hypothesis It leads to unknown to known It leads to abstract to concrete

3. Merits/Advantages: It is a psychological method. Facilitates understanding, as we discover facts. Each step has reason and justification. Student gains confidence and understanding. Method suits the learner and the subject. It develops the power of thinking and reasoning It develops originality and creativity amongst the students . In this method student’s participation is encouraged. It develops self-confidence and self reliant in the pupil.

4. Demerits: It is time consuming and lengthy method, so it is uneconomical. Difficult to acquire efficiency and speed. Not applicable to all topics. Not suitable for students with weak conceptual knowledge. Every teacher cannot use this method successfully Conclusion : So this method is particularly suitable for teaching of Arithmetic, algebra and Geometry as it analyses the problem into sub-parts and various parts are reorganized and the already learnt facts are used to connect the known with unknown. It puts more stress on reasoning and development of power of reasoning is one of the major aims of teaching of mathematics.

5. Synthetic Method: The word synthesis simply means, ―To place things together or to join separate parts . It is the process of relating known bits of data to a point where the unknown becomes true. To synthesis is to combine the elements to produce something new. Actually it is reverse of analytic method. In this method we proceed “from know to unknown.” So in it we combine together a number of facts, perform certain mathematical operations and arrive at a solution. That is we start with the known data and connect it with the unknown part. It leads to hypothesis to conclusion It leads to known to unknown It leads to concrete to abstract

6. Merits: It is Short and precise method. It Saves time and energy. It Suits the needs of majority of the students. It Can be applied to a majority of topics in mathematics. Omits trial and error as in analysis method . Accuracy is developed by the method Demerits: Teacher–centered method, students are passive listeners. Students rely on rote memory. (There is a scope for forgetting) No opportunity to develop the skills of thinking and reasoning Students lack confidence to do other type of sums. There is no scope of discovery. The recall of each step cannot be possible for every child.

7. Analytic Vs Synthetic Analytic Method Synthetic Method Meaning: Analysis means breaking up into components Meaning: Synthesis means combining the elements to get something new. Leads from: Unknown to known, Conclusion to hypothesis, Abstract to concrete, Complex to simple Leads from: Known to unknown, Hypothesis to conclusion, Concrete to abstract, Simple to complex Method: A method of discovery and thought. A psychological method Method: A method for the presentation of discovered facts. A logical method Time: Lengthy, laborious and time consuming Time: Short, concise and elegant. Learning: Encourages meaningful learning Learning: Encourages rote learning Encourages: Encourages originality of thinking and reasoning Encourages: Encourages memory work Thinking: Process of thinking Thinking: Product of thinking Participation: Active participation of the learner Participation: Learner is a passive listener Sequence: Valid reasons to justify every step in the sequence. Sequence: No justification for every step in the sequence.

8. Conclusion: From the above discussion we can see that both the methods of analysis and synthesis by themselves have their advantages and disadvantages. In order to ensure the complete understanding of mathematics in the learners that both the methods be used together to teach mathematics. By using a combination of these two methods the teacher can ensure that effecting teaching learning takes place.