Anatomy & Physiology of large intestine

Large intestine & its parts

1. LARGE INTESTINE AND RECTUM 1

2. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM It consists of gastrointestinal tract consisting organs from mouth to anus. Organs involved in digestion: Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Accessory digestive organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas 2

3. LARGE INTESTINE L ast part of the gastrointestinal tract ANOTHER NAME : Large bowel LOCATION : inferior to stomach LENGTH : 1.5 meters WIDTH : 7.5 cm Combination of: caecum colon rectum anal canal 3

4. FUNCTIONS Reabsorption of water & mineral ions like sodium and chloride Conversion of intestinal contents into feces Absorption of important vitamins produced by bacteria Storage of fecal material before defecation. 4

5. PARTS: 1. CAECUM: - pouch like region LOCATION: between ascending colon and appendix FUNCTION : receives material coming from the ileum. contains undigested water and vitamins APPENDIX : Also called vermiform appendix Is a slender, hollow appendage about 9 cm (3.6 in.) long 5

6. APPENDIX: Also called vermiform appendix Appearance : slender , hollow appendage Length: average 9cm Function: storehouse for good bacteria 2. Colon: Length: about 5 feet Diameter: 3 inches Function : absorbs water from wastes, creating stool Divisions : ▪ descending colon ▪ ascending colon ▪ transverse colon ▪ sigmoid colon 6

7. PARTS OF COLON Ascending Colon about 8 inches Begins at superior border of cecum Function: carries feces from the cecum Transverse Colon about 18 inches Function : ▪ bacteria further breaks down the food, process called fermentation . ▪ water and nutrients are removed, and feces form 7

8. Descending Colon less than 12 inches Function : store the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum Sigmoid Colon S-shaped segment about 18 inches long Lies posterior to urinary bladder Stores fecal wastes until they are ready to leave the body. 8

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10. RECTUM: Last part of the large intestine Continuation of sigmoid colon and connects to anus LENGTH : 10 to 15 cm Feces are temporarily stored here and rejected through anus 10

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