Anatomy and Physiology - Lymphatic System

G – Give Respect A – Act Responsibly M – Mind Your Manners E – Engage in Learning

PICTURE PERFECT

GAME MECHANICS The teacher calls on a student to play. The student will read aloud the description of the organ he/she will be guessing. The student will select the correct organ by pointing to the corresponding picture on the board. If the answer is correct, he/she will receive a reward. If incorrect, the question passes to the next student for a chance to answer. The game continues until all description cards are used.

“I am a small, bean-shaped organ found in clusters throughout your body, especially in your neck, armpits, and groin. I act as a filter, trapping harmful substances like bacteria and viruses before they can spread. White blood cells inside me fight off infections. What am I?"

LYMPH NODE APPENDIX TONSILS THYMUS

"I sit just above your heart, working hard when you are young. I train special immune cells, teaching them how to fight infections before they enter your bloodstream. As you grow older, I shrink and do less work. What am I?"

thymus spleen Lymph node appendix

"I am the largest organ in the lymphatic system, located on your left side, near your stomach. I help filter your blood, remove old red blood cells, and store white blood cells that fight infections. Without me, your immune system would be weaker. What am I?"

spleen tonsils Lymph node appendix

"I sit at the back of your throat, standing guard against germs that enter through your mouth and nose. I may get swollen when fighting off infections, and sometimes, doctors remove me if I cause too much trouble. What am I?"

tonsils spleen Lymph node appendix

"I am a small, finger-shaped organ located near the beginning of your large intestine. Once thought to be useless, I actually help support your immune system by storing good bacteria and aiding in gut health. Some say I can cause trouble when inflamed, but I’m still part of your body's defense. What am I?"

appendix spleen Lymph node thymus

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the structure and function of the lymphatic tissue (lymph fluid, vessels, ducts, and organs). Describe the structure and function of the primary and secondary lymphatic organs. Discuss the cells of the immune system, how they function, and their relationship with the lymphatic system. Appreciate the vital role of the lymphatic system in protecting the body against diseases and maintaining overall health.

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

WHAT IS THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM? is the system of vessels, cells, and organs that carries excess fluids to the bloodstream and filters pathogens from the blood.

FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM It drains excess fluids away from tissues and back to circulation. 2. Houses the cells necessary to clean the fluid before draining it into circulation. 3. Transport of fats from the digestive tract.

Is the term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system. When the lymphatic system is damaged in some way, such as by being blocked by cancer cells or destroyed by injury, protein-rich interstitial fluid accumulates (sometimes “backs up” from the lymph vessels) in the tissue spaces. This inappropriate accumulation of fluid referred to as lymphedema may lead to serious medical consequences. LYMPH

is one of the small, bean-shaped organs located throughout the lymphatic system. LYMPH NODE

STRUCTURE OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Vessels – transport lymph from the tissues to the bloodstream Cells – immune system cells including phagocytic cells and, more importantly, lymphocytes Tissues – a specialized form of connective tissue Organs – specialized organs that house the cells of the lymphatic system

RECALL CAPILLARY EXCHANGE

Lymphatic capillaries are interlaced with the arterioles and venules of the cardiovascular system. Collagen fibers anchor a lymphatic capillary in the tissue (inset). Interstitial fluid slips through spaces between the overlapping endothelial cells that compose the lymphatic capillary. LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES

LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES

MAJOR TRUNKS AND DUCTS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Lymphatic Trunks The superficial and deep lymphatics eventually merge to form larger lymphatic vessels. Right Lymphatic Duct On the right side of the body, the right sides of the head, thorax, and right upper limb drain lymph fluid into the right subclavian vein via. receives lymph from only the upper right side of the body. Larger Thoracic Duct On the left side of the body, where the remaining portions of the body drains into. The rest of the body enters the bloodstream via all the remaining lymphatic trunks.

which ingest pathogents to destroy them HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM OF THE BONE MARROW help mediate immune responses against parasites and intracellular pathogens such as viruses which specifically coordinate the activities of adaptive immunity PHAGOCYTIC CELLS LYMPHOCYTES CELLS CONTAINING CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES

LYMPHOCYTES: B CELLS, T CELLS, PLASMA CELLS, AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS

PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS AND LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT BONE MARROW

PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS AND LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT THYMUS

SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS AND THEIR ROLES IN ACTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES LYMPH NODES function to remove debris and pathogens from the lymph, and are thus sometimes referred to as the “filters of the lymph.”

SPLEEN called the “filter of the blood” because of its extensive vascularization and the presence of macrophages and dendritic cells that remove microbes and other materials from the blood, including dying red blood cells.

LYMPHOID NODULES Tonsils MALT Peyer’s Patches (Aggregated Lymphoid Nodules) Appendix BALT

LYMPHOID NODULES Have a simpler architecture than the spleen and lymph nodes in that they consist of a dense cluster of lymphocytes without a surrounding fibrous capsule. These nodules are located in the respiratory and digestive tracts, areas routinely exposed to environmental pathogens.

TONSILS are important in developing immunity to oral pathogens

LOCATIONS AND HISTOLOGY OF THE TONSILS The pharyngeal tonsil is located on the roof of the posterior superior wall of the nasopharynx. The palatine tonsils lay on each side of the pharynx.

MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (MALT) consists of an aggregate of lymphoid follicles directly associated with the mucous membrane epithelia. MALT makes up dome-shaped structures found underlying the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, breast tissue, lungs, and eyes.

PEYER’S PATCHES a type of MALT in the small intestine, are especially important for immune responses against ingested substances. Peyer’s patches contain specialized endothelial cells called M (or microfold) cells that sample material from the intestinal lumen and transport it to nearby follicles so that adaptive immune responses to potential pathogens can be mounted.

APPENDIX The large intestine includes the cecum, colon, and rectum.

Consists of lymphoid follicular structures with an overlying epithelial layer found along the bifurcations of the bronchi, and between bronchi and arteries. They also have the typically less-organized structure of other lymphoid nodules. These tissues, in addition to the tonsils, are effective against inhaled pathogens. BRONCHUS-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (BALT)

ACTIVITY TIME

“MYSTERY BOX GAME”

GAME MECHANICS: The teacher will randomly call on one student to participate. The teacher will present an image of a symbolic object from the "mystery box" The student will have 10 seconds to analyze the image. The teacher will provide the choices. The student must name the lymphatic structure represented by the object and explain its function in the lymphatic system. Scoring: 2 points for correctly identifying both structure and function 1 point for identifying only one 0 points for an incorrect or no answer The game continues until all students have had a turn or time runs out.