Anatomy of ankle joint

Anatomy of ankle joint by Dr Bipul Borthakur

1. ANATOMY OF ANKLE JOINT PROFESSOR & HOD DEPARTMENT OF ORTHOPAEDICS S.M.C.H .

2. TYPE:- It is a synovial joint of Hinge variety. S tructurally, the joint is very strong.

3. ARTICULAR SURFACE Upper articular surface is formed by :- lower end of tibia including medial malleolus. lateral malleolus of fibula. inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament.

4. Inferior articular surface:- Formed by articular area on upper, medial and lateral aspect of talus.

5. LIGAMENT The joint is supported by :- Fibrous capsule. Medial ligament. L ateral ligament.

6. 1.Fibrous capsule It is attached to all around articular margins with 2 exception 1] Postero superiorly , it is attached to inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament. 2] Antero inferiorly ,it is attached to dorsum of neck of talus.

7. 2. Medial ligament Known as deltoid ligament Very strong triangular ligament Ligament divided into: a]superficial part. b]deep part.

8. A] Superficial part: I ts fibre divided into 3 parts- 1]Anterior fibre[ Tibionavicular ] 2]Middle fibre[ Tibiocalcanean ] 3]Posterior fibre[posterior tibiotalar ]

9. B] Deep part (anterior tibio-talar )

10. 3.Lateral ligament L ateral ligament consist of 3 bands: a]anterior talofibular ligament b]posterior talofibular ligament c] calcaneofibular ligament

11. Relations of Ankle joint Anterior Relations 1]Muscles - a] Tibialis anterior b]Extensor hallucis longus c]extensor digitorum longus d]peroneus tertius 2 ]Anterior tibial vessels 3 ]deep peroneal nerve

12. Posterior relations Posteromedially 1]Muscles : a] Tibialis posterior b]Flexor digitorum longus b]Flexor hallucis longus 1 ]posterior tibial vessels 2 ] Tibial nerve

13. Posterolaterally 1]peroneus longus 2]peroneus brevis

14. Movement of ankle joint Active movements are dorsiflexion and planter flexion 1] Dorsiflexion :- the foot is raised Angle between front of leg and dorsum of foot is diminished.

15. 2. PLANTAR FLEXION :- -Fore foot is depressed . -Angle between front of leg and dorsum of foot is increased.

16. BLOOD SUPPLY Ankle joint receives its blood supply from - Malleolar branches of anterior and posterior tibial artery. Peroneal arteries.

17. NERVE SUPPLY Ankle joint recieves its nerve supply from deep peroneal and tibial nerves Occassionaly , superficial nerve also supplies the ankle joint.

18. APPLIED ANATOMY Ankle sprain occurs due to stretching and tearing of the ligaments. A large variety of bending and twisting forces result in number of fractures and dislocation at this point.

19. THANK YOU