Anatomy of the salivary glands and importance of the same

Anatomy of salivary glands

1. ANATOMY OF SALIVARY GLANDS - by Prerana

2. Parotid Gland Largest salivary gland. Situated below the acoustic meatus between the ramus of mandible and sternocleidomastoid muscle. Parotid capsule is formed by the deep cervical fascia which splits to enclose the galnd . As it lies deep to the parotid fascia and superficial to the masseter , it occupies below,behind and in front of the ear lobe.

3. Parts of the parotid gland:- Superficial part (80%)-lies on the posterior part of the ramus of mandible. Deep part(20%)-lies behind the mandible and medial pterygoid . Accessory parotid:- Prolongation of the gland above the parotid duct.

4. Parotid duct Also called as Stensen’s duct . 2-3 mm in diameter and 5cm in length. Emerges from the anterior surface of the gland , runs over the surface of the massetor muscle , passes through the buccinator and opens into the oral cavity opposite to the crown of the second molar tooth. It is 1cm below the zygomatic arch . Transverse facial artery lies above it.

5. Facial nerve Emerges from the stylomastoid foramen lying between external auditory meatus and mastoid process. Passes around the neck of the mandible and becomes superficial dividing into: temporofacial branch cervicofacial branch They further branch out and maybe interconnected forming pes anserinus or goose foot. Branches :- Temporal Zygomatic Upper buccal Lower buccal Mandibular Cervical

6. Blood supply Arterial -External carotid artery. Venous- external jugular. Nerve supply Autonomic nervous system:- Parasympathetic- secretomotor from auriculotemporal nerve Sympathetic-vasomotor from plexus around the external carotid artery. Lymphatic drainage Preauricular and infra-auricular lymph nodes which later drain into deep cervical lymph nodes.

7. Fasciovenous Plane of Patey Facial nerve is superficial to this plane which contains retromandibular vein and posterior facial vein. External carotid artery divides into superficial temporal and maxillary artery deeper to the venous plane which is of surgical importance. Structures within parotid from deep to superficial External carotid artery , maxillary artery , superficial temporal and posterior auricular artery. Retromandibular vein Facial nerve with its branches.

8. Submandibular salivary gland ‘J’ shaped salivary gland situated in the anterior part of the digastric triangle. Parts :- Superficial part- lies in the submandibular triangle , superficial to mylohyoid and hypoglossus muscles between two bellies of the digastric muscle. Deep part-floor of the mouth and deep to the mylohyoid .

9. Wharton’s duct 5cm , emerges from the anterior end of the deep part of the gland , enters the floor of the mouth , on the summit of papilla beside the frenulum of the tongue. It opens into the floor of the mouth at the junction where the front of tongue meets the floor. Lingual nerve and submandibular ganglion are attached to the upper pole of the gland. Hypoglossal nerve lies deep to the gland. Arterial supply- facial artery Venous drainage- anterior facial vein Nerve supply- branches of submandibular ganglion.

10. Sublingual salivary gland Major salivary gland ,one on each side. Located on the anterior aspect of the floor of the mouth in relation to the mucosa , mylohyoid , body of mandible near mental symphysis . BARTHOLIN’S DUCT Gland drains into the mucosa or into the submandibular gland through this duct. Sublingual glands are drained by 8-20 ducts called the ducts of Rivinus . Opens into the floor of the mouth.

11. Minor salivary glands 800 minor glands are distributed in the lips,cheecks,palate and floor of the mouth. Maybe present in the oropharynx,larynx,trachea and paranasal sinuses . Contribute to 10% of total salivary volume. Ectopic salivary glands Also called abberant salivary gland is nothing but ectopic lobe of juxtaposed salivary gland

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