jerk off”);laikazein(“to suck cock”);
14
katapugōn(“bugger”) andpugizein(“to bug-
ger”);prōktos(“ass(hole),”plus its derivatives and compounds);perdesthai(“to
fart”); andchezein(“to shit,”plus its compounds).
15
In characteristically pragmatic
fashion, Sommerstein thus creates two neat categories: primary obscenities on the
one hand and all remaining lexical items on the other.
Sommerstein’s approach has practical benefits, since it allows him to specify
with admirable clarity which terms his discussion will cover. But drawing a sharp
distinction between obscene and non-obscene items begs an important question: in
addition to black and white, did obscene lexical items not come in various shades of
gray for classical Athenians? Indeed, even Sommerstein’s short list throws up inter-
esting issues concerning the relative obscenity of certain terms. For example, it
includes bothbinein,“to fuck,”and its near-homonymkinein(in its sexual sense, that
is;kineincan also boast a whole range of non-sexual meanings, such as“set in
motion,”“remove,”“stir up,”etc.).
16
As Bain notes when discussing these verbs,
“there must be some difference between an outright vulgar word [viz. binein] which
has virtually no secondary connotations…and a word [viz. kinein] which is extremely
common in contexts without a sexual reference and which is used because it suggests
the other word.”
17
In a similar vein, the fact thatdephesthai,“to wank/jerk off,”has
an active form,dephein, which simply means“to soften,”potentially sets it apart
from verbs likestuesthai,“to have a hard-on,”andchezein,“to shit,”whose field of
reference is exclusively obscene.
18
Furthermore, one might legitimately ask whether
perdesthai,“to fart,”and the activity it describes, would have attracted the same
quality of taboo in ancient Athens as a verb likelaikazein,“to suck cock.”
19
To be
14On the meaning of this verb, see Jocelyn,“ΛΑΙΚΑΖΕΙΝ”(above, n. 6); cf. Henderson,Maculate
Muse(above, n.
1), pp. 153–4n. 12, and Bain,“Six Verbs”(above, n. 6), pp. 74–7.
15Sommerstein,“Language of Athenian Women”(above, n.
7), p. 79. McClure,Spoken Like a Woman
(above, n.
7), pp. 208–9, reuses Sommerstein’s list of primary obscenities for her analysis of female
obscenity in the same three plays.
16On the range of meanings ofκινέω, see J.
Chadwick,Lexicographica Graeca: Contributions to the
Lexicography of Ancient Greek(Oxford: Clarendon, 1996), pp.
183–8. Cf. Bain,“Six Verbs”(above, n. 6),
pp.
63–6.
17Bain,“Six Verbs”(above, n.
6), p. 64; see also Robson,Humour, Obscenity and Aristophanes
(above, n.
5), p. 175.
18For the distribution ofστύωandχέζωoutside Old Comedy, see Bain,“Six Verbs”(above, n.
6),
p.
52.
19Interestingly, Jocelyn,“ΛΑΙΚΑΖΕΙΝ”(above, n.
6), p. 15, collectively dubs the verbsβδεῖν,πέρ-
δεσθαι,χέζεινandβινεῖν“mild obscenities”in comparison toλαικάζειν. For data on the spread of
κύσθος,πέος,πέρδομαι,πρωκτός,στύω,χέζω,ψωλή/ψωλ-,βινέω,κινέω,προσκινέομαι,πυγίζω,
ληκῶ,οἴφωandλαικάζωin extant literature and beyond, see Bain,“Six Verbs”(above, n.
6), p. 53,
who comments that“some no doubt were regarded as more or less offensive than others.”In the 11
extant plays,πέρδεσθαιoccurs seven times:Ach. 30;Eq. 115;Nu.9;V. 1177;Ec. 78, 464;Pl. 176. cf.
ἀνταποπέρδεσθαι(Nu. 293);ἀποπέρδεσθαι(V. 394;Av. 792;Ra. 10;Pl. 699);ἐπιπέρδεσθαι(Eq. 639);
καταπέρδεσθαι(V. 618;Pax547;Pl. 618),προσπέρδεσθαι(Ra. 1074) andὑποπέρδεσθαι(Ra.1097).
Slipping One In: The Introduction of Obscene Lexical Items in Aristophanes
33