Ancient Egypt History Art Appreciation Presentation

Ancient Egypt History Art Appreciation Presentation

1. Art of Ancient Egypt A History

2. Objectives 2 Know the importance of Egyptian Art and its contributions to the modern art. Develop appreciation to the history of Egyptian art. Understand why all these history matters.

3. Characteristics of Egyptian Art

4. Characteristics of Egyptian Art Provided the building blocks for Greek and Roman culture, and, through them, influenced all of the Western tradition. 4

5. Characteristics of Egyptian Art Provided the building blocks for Greek and Roman culture, and, through them, influenced all of the Western tradition. Longevity 5

6. Longevity Ancient Egyptian Parchment by  Maugli -l) 6

7. Characteristics of Egyptian Art Provided the building blocks for Greek and Roman culture, and, through them, influenced all of the Western tradition. Longevity Consistency & Stability 7

8. Consistency and Stability Palette of Narmer , c. 3000-2920 B.C.E. (left) and Ramses III smiting at Medinet Habu (1160 B.C.E.) (right) 8

9. Characteristics of Egyptian Art Provided the building blocks for Greek and Roman culture, and, through them, influenced all of the Western tradition. Longevity Consistency & Stability Balance 9

10. Balance A detail from the throne of Tutankhamun which shows the pharaoh with his wife Ankhsenamun on the right. c. 1327 BCE, National Museum, Cairo. 10 From the concept of harmony known as  ma'at — perfect balance because it reflects the ideal world of the god.

11. Characteristics of Egyptian Art Provided the building blocks for Greek and Roman culture, and, through them, influenced all of the Western tradition. Longevity Consistency & Stability Balance Not meant to be seen and often religious 11

12. Not meant to be seen Painted sunk relief of the king being embraced by a goddess. Tomb of Amenherkhepshef (QV 55) (New Kingdom) Photo: Dr. Amy Calvert 12 Statues or relief, were designed to benefit a divine or deceased recipient.

13. Modes of Representation 3D Aimed to reproduce the real-world—statuary of gods, royalty, and the elite was designed to convey an idealized version of that individual. Painted wooden model of the deceased overseeing the counting of cattle in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo (Middle Kingdom). Photo: Dr. Amy Calvert

14. Modes of Representation 2D Works as a representative aspects of each element in the scenes rather than attempting to create vistas that replicated the real world. The Weighing of the Heart: In Spell 125, Anubis weighs the heart of Hunefer . This spell is first known from the reign of Hatshepsut and Tuthmose III, c. 1475 BC.

15. Modes of Representation Registers Scenes were ordered in parallel lines, known as registers. These registers separate the scene as well as provide ground lines for the figures.  Scenes without registers are unusual and were generally only used to specifically evoke chaos; battle and hunting scenes.

16. The Weighing of the Heart: In Spell 125, Anubis weighs the heart of Hunefer . This spell is first known from the reign of Hatshepsut and Tuthmose III, c. 1475 BC. 16

17. Chaotic fighting scene on a painted box from the tomb of Tutankhamen in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo (New Kingdom). Photo: Dr. Amy Calvert 17

18. Modes of Representation Hierarchy of scale The larger the scale of the figures, the more important they were. 

19. Modes of Representation Text and Image Text accompanied almost all images. Highly detailed raised relief hieroglyphs on the White Chapel of Senusret I at Karnak (Middle Kingdom). Photo: Dr Amy Calvert

20. The Early Dynastic Period (3000-2650 B.C.)

21. Ruled by Menes (also called Narmer ), who united Egypt under one government and founded the capital city of Memphis. The Palette of Narmer tells the of the great king's victory over his enemies and how the gods encouraged and approved his actions. Unification of lower and upper Egypt, the sun and the king The Early Dynastic Period (3000-2650 B.C.) 21

22. Palette of King Narmer , from Hierakonpolis , Egypt, Predynastic , c. 3000-2920 B.C.E., slate, 2' 1" high (Egyptian Museum, Cairo) 22

23. Technique used in making the Palette of King Narmer was used quite effectively toward the end of the Early Dynastic Period by the architect Imhotep (c. 2667-2600 BCE) in designing the pyramid complex of King Djoser (c. 2670 BCE). The start of 3D sculptures The Early Dynastic Period (3000-2650 B.C.) 23

24. The Old Kingdom (2650-2150 B.C.)

25. The advances of the period were due mainly to Imhotep, the king's first minister, a skilled architect, statesman, and scholar. The Step Pyramid was the first stone building in history and the first of the many pyramids to appear during the next 1,000 years. The Old Kingdom (2650-2150 B.C.) 25 The Step Pyramid at Saqqara, a tomb for Zoser and his family by architect Imhotep

26. The Step pyramid further developed into today’s famous pyramids—three great pyramids at Giza, on the west bank of the Nile River. Built between about 2660 and 2560 for the kings Cheops, Chephren , and Mycerinus . The Old Kingdom (2650-2150 B.C.) 26 The Three Great Pyramids of Giza were meant to house the pharaohs' bodies and serve as reminders of their almighty power.

27. Sphinx in the Early Dynastic Period were developed in this period. The Old Kingdom (2650-2150 B.C.) 27 The Great Sphinx of Giza

28. Obelisk is a four-sided pillar tapering to a miniature pyramid at the top. Often covered with writings of the kings' triumphs and dedicated to sun god. The Old Kingdom (2650-2150 B.C.) 28 Egyptian Obelisk covered with Hieroglyphics

29. Sculpture and Painting Minor members of the royal family and many nobles had statues made of red granite and other hard stones, but these were expensive. Wood was used for the sculptures during this period and was brightly painted. The Old Kingdom (2650-2150 B.C.) 29 Pair statue of Ptahkhenuwy and his wife

30. Sculpture and Painting Much less painting than architecture and sculpture remains from this period. The carefully drawn outline was filled in with even, unshaded colors . In this way the painted wall carvings looked very flat. The Old Kingdom (2650-2150 B.C.) 30 The Seated Scribe

31. Sculpture and Painting Scenes from daily life—sports, crafts, hunts—were carved in rows. The Old Kingdom (2650-2150 B.C.) 31 Egyptian art Pyramid of Unas (Unis), Old Kingdom

32. The Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B.C.)

33. About 2150 the central Egyptian government seems to have fallen apart. About 2040, a central government was again organized under a strong king. King Mentuhotep II revived the architecture of the Old Kingdom. His temple was the oldest remaining temple at Thebes The Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B.C.) 33

34. Temple of Mentuhotep II 34

35. With the rise of King Amenemhet I, Egypt entered one of its great periods. Amenemhet returned to the tradition of using the pyramid as the royal tomb. The Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B.C.) 35 Pyramid of Amenemhat I (El- Lisht )

36. Instead of the great stone blocks used earlier, these Middle Kingdom pyramids were often built of mud brick covered with limestone. Best tombs built by wealthy nobles were cut into great rock cliffs. The most famous are at Beni Hasan in Middle Egypt, on the east side of the Nile. The Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B.C.) 36

37. Temple at Beni Hasan 37

38. The best works were the portrait sculptures of Sesostris III and Amenemhet III. For the first time in Egyptian history, kings were realistically represented as mortal men. The Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B.C.) 38 Sesostris III & Amenemhet III

39. Huge statues of kings were produced at this time in granite and other hard stones. Statues are larger than the life size. The Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B.C.) 39 Colossal Statue of a Pharaoh Seated H. 320 cm (10 ft. 6 in.); W. 110.5 cm (43 1/2 in.); D. 209 cm (82 5/16 in.)

40. The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.)

41. One of the important changes in architecture was the disappearance of the pyramid as it fails to protect the royal buried from robbery. They are buried in the Valley of Kings in Thebes. The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.) 41 Valley of Kings in Thebes

42. Deir el- Bahri . Built about 1470 for the famous Queen Hatshepsut. This temple was built entirely of fine limestone 42

43. Temple of Ramses II built about 1250 entirely of sandstone 43

44. Temple of Ramses III—the most recently preserved. 44

45. Sculpture and Painting Egyptian art was becoming more realistic, moving away from the standard ways of representing the human form. Certain flaws of the ruler's body are clearly depicted. The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.) 45 Amenhotep III and his son Akhenaten

46. Queen Nefertiti and her daughters realistic sculpture 46

47. Sculpture and Painting Painting was more often used in tombs than relief sculpture. Painting in royal tombs was chiefly limited to outline drawings of religious rites. Best pictures were painted in the nobles tomb. The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.) 47 Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna , Nina de Garis Davies

48. Sculpture and Painting To glorify the king, the courtyard walls were covered with complicated battle and hunting scenes. The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.) 48 Hunting scene from a painted wooden chest found in Tutankhamun's tomb, c. 1300 BC

49. Pottery Pottery was used by the ancient Egyptians in much the same way we use modern kitchen containers or plastic, The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.) 49 Canopic jars are covered urn used in ancient Egyptian burials to hold the entrails from an embalmed body.

50. Pottery Nile silt ware – Nile clay. After being fired, it has a red-brown color. This type of pottery was used for common, utilitarian purposes. Marl Clay – used for decorative and other functions. The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.) 50 Pottery During the New Kingdom

51. The Late Periods (712-332 B.C.)

52. Late pyramids were midgets compared with the earlier Egyptian ones. No major architecture of the time survives. Even royal tombs of the period are unknown. The same is true for the period of Persian conquest (525-404). Dynasty XXX (378-341) was the last native dynasty of Egypt. It has left a few shrines and hard stone reliefs. The Late Periods (712-332 B.C.) 52

53. The Ptolemaic Period (332-30 B.C.)

54. Blended Egyptian with Greek art to create statuary like that of the god Serapis - himself a combination of Greek and Egyptian gods - and the art of the Roman Egypt (30 BCE - 646 CE) followed this same model. Romans draw on the older Egyptian themes and techniques in adapting Egyptian gods to Roman understanding. The Ptolemaic Period (332-30 B.C.) 54

55. Egyptian Oil Lamp with Serapis —a deity 55

56. Although the Romans continued to create architecture in the old Egyptian style—at Philae and Dendera , for example—Egyptian art had lost its vitality, and the ancient traditions gradually passed away. The Ptolemaic Period (332-30 B.C.) 56

57. Philae and Dendera 57

58. A collection of spells which enable the soul of the deceased to navigate the afterlife. Hunefer , an ancient Egyptian official. The Book of the Dead 58 Page from the Book of the Dead of Hunefer , c. 1275 B.C.E., 19th Dynasty, 45.7 x 83.4 cm, Thebes, Egypt © Trustees of the British Museum

59. Page from the Book of the Dead of Ani , c. 1275 B.C.E., 19th Dynasty, 44.5 x 30.7 cm, Thebes, Egypt © Trustees of the British Museum 59

60. Why do we need to discuss all of these? Why do we need to dicuss things that existed way before our ancestors even lived? Why??????!!!!!! 60

61. Mimesis Mirror of life. 61

62.  Art is a mirror of society and life. It captures the essence and importance of things. A story behind the story. 62

63. Thank you for listening! 63

64. References http://blog.art.com/artwiki/~/egyptian-art/ https://brewminate.com/beyond-hieroglyphs-the-art-and-architecture-of-ancient-egypt/ https://www.procaffenation.com/egyptian-paintings/ https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiJ6Iit8KbgAhVLQLwKHfRpC54QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F24729615%40N00%2F6668445931&psig=AOvVaw2GqRscCvdp4N2IeC11b5_E&ust=1549534576420741 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/ancient-mediterranean-ap/ancient-egypt-ap/a/hunefer-book-of-the-dead https://www.ancient.eu/article/1077/a-brief-history-of-egyptian-art/ https://www.ducksters.com/history/art/ancient_egyptian_art.php https://www.quora.com/Why-is-art-history-important 64