Ancient egyptian architecture.pptx

Ancient Egyptian Architecture!

1. Ancient egyptian architecture

2. Old kingdom The  Old Kingdom  is the period spanning c. 2686–2181 BC.  Known as the "Age of the Pyramids" or the "Age of the Pyramid Builders“ Mark the high points of civilization in the lower  Nile Valley . During the Old Kingdom, the  King of Egypt  became a  living god  who ruled absolutely and could demand the services and wealth of his subjects. [6]

3. Pyramids Tombs for the country's  pharaohs  and their consorts Red Pyramid Bent Pyramid Step Pyramid Built by Sneferu, in 2575-2551 Bc Unique example of early pyramid development in Egypt First step pyramid is attributed to the pharaoh Djoser. Largest pyramid located in Dahshur necropolis Second pyramid built by Sneferu in Royal necropolis of Dahshur architectural structure  that uses flat platforms, or steps, to achieve a completed shape similar to a  geometric pyramid . Made of Limestone Made of Limestone First built as a square mastaba like structure. First successful attempt at creating a true smooth-sided pyramid Ancient formal name- The southern shining pyramid

4. Red pyramid Bent pyamid Step pyramid Height:- 62.5m Base:- 121m×109m 1. Height:- 104.71m 47.04m beneath bend 57.67m above bend Base:- 189.43 at base 123.58 at bend Height:- 105m Base:- 220m

5. Mastaba 》An ancient Egyptian tomb consisting of an underground burial chamber with rooms above it (at ground level) to store offerings. 》Built of mudbricks and later, stone 》Burial place for royals including pharaohs. 》Later, pyramids were used for the purpose for royals and the common people continued using mastabas for burial and offering 》 Storage chambers were stocked with food and equipment, and walls were often decorated with scenes showing the deceased’s expected daily activities.  》False door for the soul to enter and exit the tomb.

6. New kingdom Most prosperous era Golden age of architecture Hatshepsut, second women pharaoh who ruled for 20 years Building of new temples and tombs were encouraged Trade was increased Pharaohs built magnificent temples to give thanks to the gods who helped them in their success Move away from pyramids to tombs

7. Importance of nile Fertile land :- Most of Egypt is desert, but along the Nile River the soil is rich and good for growing crops. The three most important crops were wheat, flax and papyrus. Flooding :- The flood brought rich black soil and renewed the farmlands. Building materials :- They used the mud from the riverbanks to make sundried bricks. The Egyptians also quarried limestone and sandstone from the hills along the side of the Nile. Transportation :- Since most of the major cities of Ancient Egypt were built along the Nile River, the river could be used like a major highway throughout the Empire.

8. The shpinx A imestone  statue of a reclining  sphinx , a  mythical creature . The face of the Sphinx is generally believed to represent the  pharaoh   Khafre . In the  New Kingdom , the Sphinx became more specifically associated with the sun god  Hor-em-akhet  or "Horus-at-the-Horizon". Facing directly from West to East, it stands on the  Giza Plateau  on the west bank of the  Nile  in  Giza , Egypt.

9. Possible construction of pyramids One theory suggests that  causeways were used  to haul the stone blocks on wooden sleds up the side of the pyramids. The ramps were lubricated with water to reduce friction when hauling the blocks. A wooden crane with a counterweight on one end may have been used to lift the blocks from one level to the next.  the use of pulleys to hoist the blocks up the ramps and fulcrums to manipulate the blocks into place. Pulleys were used on ships at the time.

10. Ancinet Egyptians loved board games. Egyptian women had a wide range of rights and freedoms. Egyptian workers were known to organize labor strikes. Egyptian pharaohs were often overweight. The pyramids were not built by slaves. King Tut may have been killed by a hippopotamus. Egyptians of both sexes wore makeup. Egyptians kept many animals as pets. Some Egyptian doctors had specialized fields of study. 🏝 Fun facts🏝