Application of Spatial Statistics to Health Care Delivery | Mean Center, Elliptical Cell & Population Potential Analysis

This presentation explores how spatial statistics can revolutionize healthcare delivery systems by identifying the best locations for medical facilities and understanding population distribution patterns. 🌐
Through detailed analysis and visualization, this PPT explains how central location theory, centroid calculation, elliptical cell distribution, and population probability models help health planners design efficient, accessible, and data-driven health systems.
You will learn step by step:
📍 What is central location theory and how it explains the best trade and service sectors.
🧮 How to calculate the weighted average center to determine the location of the best medical center.
🧭 The concept of the ellipsoid — measuring how the population is spatially dispersed within a county.
🔢 Population Potential Mapping — analyzing how proximity affects access to health care and local interactions.
🗺️ Using coordinate grids, standard deviation ellipsoids, and rotation angles to visualize real-world population data.
🧠 Applications in healthcare planning, regional development, disease mapping, and public policy.
Ideal for:
🎓 Students | 🏥 Health Planners | 📊 GIS Analysts | 🌎 Urban & Regional Planners | 🧭 Researchers in Spatial Statistics

1. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL STATISTICS TO HEALTH CARE DELIVERY UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT

2. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL STATISTICS TO HEALTH CARE DELIVERY In the central location theory, a population center is the location of a good or service for consumers within some predefined trade area. A trade area can be defined, if there is only one supplier, in terms of how far the average consumer is willing or able to travel to obtain the good or service. If there is more than one supplier, consumers must be divided among the suppliers .

3. CONT… Trade areas will decrease in size as the number of suppliers increases. The most suitable location for this center would be one in which the average travel time from the center to the furthest households is the same in all directions .

4. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL STATISTICS Mean Center Ellipitical Cell Population potential

5. Mean Center Assuming that land values, zoning, and other factors are satisfactory, where should a medical center be located to meet the goal of centrality? A county in the eastern United States. Which is divided into its seven census subdivisions .

6. CONT… A coordinate system is superimposed on a map. The distances on the horizontal and vertical axes form a 1-mile grid.

7. Country C oordinate and Population country subdivision x-coordinate y-coordinate Population 1 12 29 11,000 2 27 27 10,400 3 35 22 17,284 4 23 16 7,037 5 36.5 14.5 7,776 6 47 16 7,212 7 42 7 34,800

8. Weighted M ean C enter The goal is to find the point within the county that is located at the center of the population. This is known as the weighted mean center. The population of this county is not evenly distributed among its subdivisions. The mean of the weighted X coordinates .

9. CONT… The mean of the weighted Y coordinates defines the position of the weighted mean. X and Y are the coordinates of the points, and w is the population weight to be multiplied by the X and Y coordinates, respectively. The sums that are divided by the sum of the population weights .

10. Ellipitical Cell It is also instructive to know how the population is dispersed around the bivariate mean. In the previous example, the county control points are dispersed along a northwest-southeast axis. However, the bulk of the population is concentrated in the southeast corner of the county .

11. CONT… To find the distribution of our population, we can use a standard deviation ellipse. The ellipse yields three quantities: the lengths of the major and minor axes, and the direction of the ellipse.

12. Preliminary Computations for Mean Center and Standard Deviations country subdivision x-coordinate y-coordinate X-X Y-Y x² y² xy 1 12 29 -24.13 12.44 582.3 154.8 -300.2 2 27 27 -9.13 10.44 83.4 109 -95.3 3 35 22 -1.13 1.3 1.3 29.6 -6.1 4 23 16 -13.33 172.4 172.4 -31 7.4 5 36.5 14.5 -37 -2.06 -14 4.2 -76 6 47 16 10.87 -56 118.2 -31 -6.1 7 42 7 5.87 -9.56 34.5 91.4 -457.2

13. CONT.. T he tan v is the tangent of the angle of rotation, and x and y represent the quantities(X-X) and (Y-Y), respectively. Shows the individual calculations and the sums just mentioned. Angle v is measured clockwise from the original Y-axis, like a bearing from north on a map. The angle of rotation equation can produce a negative value of tan v .

14. Population Potential The efficient location of a health care facility should take into account the relative positions of patients, care providers, and institutions. A technique based on the population or activity at one location influences spatial interaction is called population potential . Social and economic interaction is influenced by the distance between people and the locations of their activity centers.

15. Isoclines of Population Potential Around The Population Center of Country. The map indicates the county's primary population area. This is the location of the county's major retail center, originally built in the 1960s. Population density tells us nothing about the specific characteristics of specific locations .

16. CONT.. This is a macro-spatial concept, like the mean and standard deviation of the ellipsoid (Taylor, 1977). It shows the potential only control point effects at any point on the map. In effect, it tells us how close (relatively) we are to larger population groups .

17. CONT.. We can vary income, disease incidence, ethnic population, or any other characteristic for the population. Probability maps of these variables are useful for business or government decision makers.