Approaches in curriculum concentric spiral pptx

concentric, spiral, topic, unit approaches with examples

1. Dr. Shilna V. Assistant Professor, CUTEC, kozhikode Curriculum Part 2

2. CONCENTRIC APPROACH This approach organizes content by introducing a topic at a basic level and then revisiting it in subsequent years with increasing complexity and depth It divides a subject into sub-topics, starting with fundamental concepts and gradually adding more advanced details over time, moving from simple to complex and from whole to part The goal is to build deeper understanding through continuous revision and expansion of the same subject matter

3. Key characteristics Simple to complex: Lessons begin with a general overview and then become more detailed in later years as the students' cognitive abilities develop. Whole to part: The approach starts with a broad understanding of a topic and breaks it down into smaller parts over time. Psychologically sound: It is based on the principle that children first understand things as a whole and then analyze them into parts. It also allows for repetition to reinforce learning. Continuous learning: The curriculum is structured to provide a continuous, unbroken learning experience of the subject matter across different stages (e.g., primary, middle, and secondary). Adaptable: It helps to adapt teaching material to the age and understanding of the student, with more maturity leading to deeper comprehension.

4. Example A topic like "The Solar System" could be introduced in elementary school with basic facts about planets. In middle school, students would learn more about planetary orbits and gravity. In high school, they might study astrophysics and the formation of stars, building upon their prior knowledge but exploring the topic in greater detail. 

5. SPIRAL APPROACH where students repeatedly revisit topics throughout their schooling, with each encounter increasing in complexity. This builds on prior knowledge and reinforces learning through repetition and deepening understanding, moving from simple to more complex concepts in subjects like math, science, and reading

6. Revisiting topics: Concepts are not taught and then forgotten. Instead, they are revisited periodically, allowing for continuous learning and reinforcement. Increasing complexity: Each time a topic is revisited, it is explored with greater depth, more detail, or a more advanced level of understanding. Building on prior knowledge: The approach leverages what students have already learned, helping them make connections between different concepts and build a more robust understanding. Moving from simple to complex: It introduces foundational facts early on, and then adds more complex details as learning progresses, gradually building upon the basics. Key characteristics

7. Examples Mathematics: Students learn basic addition in early grades, then revisit addition and subtraction to solve more complex word problems or as a component of algebra in later years Atomic Structure to Electrochemistry: Level 1: Students are first taught the basics of atomic numbers and atomic structure in earlier grades. Level 2: They then learn about electron configuration, which reinforces and builds on their understanding of atomic structure. Level 3: Later, they revisit these concepts when learning about the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, where they must use their knowledge of diatomic gases and ions to understand the process of forming elements like halogens and hydrogen.

8. TOPIC APPROACH A curriculum model where specific subjects are broken down into individual topics, each taught as a separate, self-contained unit For example, a social studies class might have separate lessons on "The French Revolution" and "World War II" instead of connecting them through a larger theme Provides a clear structure: The approach provides a logical and structured way to present information. Adaptable: Teachers can adapt the topics to be age-appropriate for their students. Purposeful: It can be a structured way to ensure that certain objectives or standards are met. 

9. UNIT APPROACH This is a curriculum model that organizes content into thematic, manageable units, integrating various subjects around a central topic This method, based on principles of holistic learning, aims to promote deeper understanding by connecting concepts logically and can be structured with specific objectives, activities, and assessments Key benefits include improved student comprehension and engagement, and the flexibility to differentiate instruction Improved comprehension: Breaking down complex subjects into smaller, logical units makes them easier for students to understand. Enhanced engagement: Integrating multiple subjects and using a variety of activities can make learning more interesting and relevant for students. Flexibility and differentiation: The framework allows teachers to adapt and modify the unit plan to meet the diverse needs and interests of their students. Systematic approach: It provides a structured and organized way to plan and deliver instruction, leading to a more coherent learning experience