Approaches in the Study of Literature.pptx

Approaches in the Study of Literature

1. Approaches in the Study of Literature Mrs. Romnia Grace D. Jayona

2. 01 02 03 04 Table of Contents 05 06 Reader-Response Approach Feminist Approach Queer Theory Approach Marxist Approach Psychological/Psychoanalytic Approach Formalist/Fourth Approach

3. Reader-Response Approach 01

4. Reader-Response theory emphasizes the active role of the reader in interpreting a text. It suggests that meaning is not inherent in the text itself but is created through the reader's engagement and personal experience with the work. Definition of Reader-Response Personal reactions to literature allow for a diverse range of interpretations. This approach values readers' emotions, thoughts, and cultural backgrounds, asserting that each reader brings unique insights that shape their understanding of the text. Importance of Personal Reaction In "The Man Called Ove," the protagonist challenges readers to confront their prejudices about aging and companionship. This narrative evokes personal reflections on one's relationships with elderly individuals, prompting growth in empathy and understanding. Example Analysis of "The Man Called Ove" Understanding Reader's Interaction

5. Consider how the text resonates with your life experiences. Reflect on significant moments or emotions that the narrative may evoke, and explore how these connections enhance your comprehension of the themes presented. Personal Connections Analyze the extent to which the text aligns or conflicts with your worldview. Consider moral dilemmas, character decisions, and underlying messages, and how they challenge or reinforce your beliefs and values. Agreement or Conflict with Text Reflect on how reading the text has influenced or altered your perspectives. Evaluate whether the narrative prompted you to rethink certain beliefs, engage in self-reflection, or consider new viewpoints on societal issues. Impact on Views and Opinions Guiding Questions

6. Feminist Approach 02

7. Socio-political Depiction The feminist approach examines how literature portrays women's roles and experiences concerning social, political, and economic power dynamics. It scrutinizes the depiction of oppression and challenges traditional gender roles within narratives. Male vs. Female Relations This analysis focuses on the interplay between male and female characters, investigating how these relationships establish power structures, highlight conflicts, or promote gender equality within the text. Example Analysis of "Twilight" In "Twilight," Bella Swan exemplifies the traditional damsel in distress archetype, showcasing the tension between empowerment and submission. The dichotomy of Edward's strength versus Bella's perceived vulnerability raises questions about gender portrayal in contemporary literature. Women in Literature

8. Guiding Questions Analyze how women's experiences are portrayed in the text. Reflect on whether these portrayals challenge societal norms and the implications of such representation for the reader's understanding of gender issues. Portrayal of Women's Lives Consider the impact of the author's gender on the narrative's content and style. Explore how the author’s perspective may shape their representation of characters, themes, and the overall message of the literary work. Influence of Writer's Gender Investigate how the text reflects or critiques patriarchal structures. Examine the portrayals of female characters within these systems and how they navigate or resist societal expectations and limitations. Patriarchal Reflections

9. Queer Theory Approach 03

10. Queer theory explores the complexities of gender, sexuality, and identity, emphasizing that these concepts are not static but fluid. It encourages examination of how literature challenges traditional binaries and norms of sexual identity. 01 Definition of Queer Theory Captain Jack Sparrow's character in "Pirates of the Caribbean" exemplifies gender fluidity and the subversion of traditional masculinity through exaggerated behaviors, challenging normative expectations and showcasing varied identities. 02 Example Analysis of Captain Jack Sparrow Challenging Traditional Views The approach calls for an examination of how literary works disrupt conventional narratives around sexuality. It advocates for a broader understanding of identity beyond binary classifications, promoting acceptance of diverse sexualities. 03 Fluidity of Identity

11. Explore how the text presents sexual identities. Identify characters who may embody non-normative sexualities and analyze the implications of their portrayals within the context of societal norms. Representation of Sexuality Reflect on how the narrative complicates understandings of identity. Consider whether the text presents sexuality as a multilayered experience influenced by culture, context, and individual choices. Complexity of Human Identity Analyze the performative aspects of identity in the text. Consider how characters express their gender and sexuality through actions, behaviors, and interactions, and how these performances shape their identities. Performative Acts in Identity Construction Guiding Questions

12. Marxist Approach 04

13. Class Conflict in Literature Power Dynamics Marxist criticism examines the distribution of power among social classes within literary texts. It investigates how class influences character relationships, societal roles, and the overarching narrative structure. Example Analysis of "The Hunger Games" In "The Hunger Games," the stark divide between the affluent Capitol and impoverished districts highlights class struggles and the oppressive nature of wealth distribution, illustrating themes of rebellion, survival, and social justice. Implications of Economic Status Literature often reflects the implications of characters' economic statuses, showcasing how wealth, poverty, and access to resources shape their aspirations, decisions, and moral dilemmas.

14. Guiding Questions Examining Power Structures Identify the characters that hold power and those that are marginalized. Evaluate how their interactions illustrate broader societal issues related to wealth, class disparity, and oppression. Class Struggle Reflection Reflect on the portrayal of class conflict in the narrative. Analyze the motivations of both powerful and powerless characters and how these conflicts drive the plot forward. Societal Critique Consider how the text offers critiques of capitalist societies. Assess the ways in which it addresses issues such as economic inequality, exploitation, and the struggles faced by the working class.

15. Psychological/Psychoanalytic Approach 05

16. This approach investigates the relationship between an author’s psychological state and their works. It's predicated on the idea that authors' personal experiences, unconscious motivations, and emotional struggles significantly inform their narrative choices. Reflection of Author’s Life Authors often embed their psychological conflicts within characters, creating profound motivations and complexities that reflect the author's inner life, traumas, and desires. Motivation of Characters Edgar Allan Poe's works exhibit elements of his troubled mind, with recurring themes of death, fear, and madness. His life experiences lend depth to characters and narratives that explore existential dread and psychological torment. Example Analysis of Poe's Works Understanding Author’s Mind 01 02 03

17. Freudian Concepts in Literature Employ Freudian theories to analyze characters' behaviors and motivations. Consider aspects like repression, desire, and conflict between the id, ego, and superego as they manifest in the narrative. Relation to Author's Psychological Traits Reflect on how understanding the author's psychological profile can deepen your comprehension of the narrative. Explore how the author's neuroses or dilemmas are mirrored in character dynamics. Literary Character Analysis Examine whether certain literary works are particularly suited for psychoanalytic criticism. Identify traits in characters that could indicate psychological complexities, providing insights into their actions and relationships. Guiding Questions

18. Formalist/Fourth Approach 06

19. Analyzing Literary Structure Unity and Meaning Effect of Repetition and Motifs Example Analysis of "The Road Not Taken" The formalist approach evaluates how a work's structure, form, and style contribute to its overall meaning. This perspective emphasizes the importance of analyzing language, patterns, and literary devices employed by the author. Repetition and motifs play crucial roles in solidifying themes within a narrative. By examining these elements, readers gain insights into the author's intentions and the text's emotional resonance. "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost exemplifies formalist techniques with its rich imagery, symbolism, and structured rhyme. The poem's duality of choices is accentuated through patterns that resonate emotionally with readers.

20. Guiding Questions Relationship of Elements Evaluate how various literary elements interact to create a cohesive narrative. Analyze how character development, plot structure, and thematic components reinforce one another. Effects of Literary Devices Analyze the effects of literary devices such as metaphors, similes, and symbolism. Consider how these elements enhance the text's meaning and overall impact on the reader. Tone and Mood Analysis Investigate how tone and mood are established throughout the text. Examine specific language choices and stylistic devices that contribute to the reader's emotional experience.

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