Approaches of Educational Technology-Hardware, Software and Systems approaches

Approaches of Educational Technology-Hardware, Software, ,Difference between Hardware and software and Systems approaches

1. Approaches in Educational Technology Suresh Babu G Assistant Professor

2. Approaches in Education Technology

3. Hardware Approach The mechanization of teaching process is termed as the Hardware Approach. Based on physical science and applied engineering field approach. The new mechanism of teaching-learning with improved technology as its basis.

4. A result of hardware technology = the development of electro-mechanical equipments for instructional purpose. Eg . Microphones for making teachers voice fully audible to the learners. Radio, TV, tape recorder, projector, closed circuit television (CCTV), teaching machines, and computers are used for teaching the students. Silverman (1968) called this type of educational technology as ‘Relative Technology’ Hardware Approach

5. Suggesting innumerable new ways of doing thinks to the class-room teachers . The job and the duties of the teacher are likely to have multifaceted changes as they Re to deal with many new gadgets for teaching and learning now and in the future. Hardware Approach

6. Software Approach Software Approach is concerned with teaching objectives in behavioural terms, principles of teaching, methods of teaching, reinforcement of instructional system, feedback, reviews and evaluation. In software approach, the basis of all thinking and working is behavioral science and psychology of learning. Software approach uses the principles of psychology for the purpose of behavior modification.

7. A teacher with added knowledge of software approach can use the films, flash cards, tapes etc, for various purposes. A teacher can plan better teaching which results into better learning. This view of educational technology is closely associated with the modern principles of programmed learning and is characterized by task analysis, writing precise objectives, selection of appropriate learning strategies, reinforcement of correct response and constant education (Davis, 1971) Software Approach

8. Silverman (1968) termed Software approach in educational technology as constructive educational technology Both software and hardware approaches are so interlinked that they cannot be separated from each other. One without the other is in complete. It is software approach which makes the hardware approach function well. Software Approach

9. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES Hardware Technology It has its origin in physical sciences and applied engineering. It is concerned with the production and utilization of audio visual aid material and sophisticated instruments and mass media for helping teacher and learners in their task. Software Technology It has its origin in behavioural sciences and their applied aspects concerning psychology of learning It is concerned with the production and utilization of software techniques and materials in terms of learning material, teaching-learning strategies and other devices for smoothening the task of teaching learning.

10. Hardware Technology It tries to adopt product-oriented approach It is based on the concept of service meaning Example radio, television, tape recorder, video, slides and film projectors, teaching machines and computer etc. Software Technology It tries to adopt a process-oriented technique or approach Software technology does not provide direct services Example programmed learning material teaching learning strategy on psychology of learning (put into practice in the shape of charts, pictures, models, slides filmstrips, audio and video cassettes, software packages etc.) HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES

11. System Approach System is a set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole, in particular. Eg digestive system. The system approach involved setting goals and objectives, analyzing resources, devising a plan of action and continuous evaluation/modification of the program ( Saettler 1990) It acts as a link between hardware and software approach.

12. It is a modern approach in education administration and organization Also Known as Management Technology It has brought to educational management a scientific approach for solving educational administrative problems. Education is regard as a system and system approach is a systematic way of designing an effective and economical educational system System Approach

13. Target Students Human resources Technical resources Financial resources Information Teaching – Learning Process Students whose performance or ideas have improved in specific areas INPUT THE SYSTEM OUTPUT System Approach

14. System Approach