Approaches of Motivation

Topic: Approaches of Motivation
Student Name: Saima Irfan
Class: M.Ed.
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan

1. Saima Irfan 2k17/MEDMS/21 Presentation Topic On: “Approaches to Motivation( Behavioral, Cognitive, Socio-Cultural and Humanistic)” Course Title: “Educational, Psychology and Guidance”

2. Approaches to Motivation(Behavioral, Cognitive, Socio-Cultural and Humanistic) Four general approaches to motivation: Behavioral Approach Cognitive and Social Cognitive Approach Socio-cultural Approach Humanistic Approach 1. Behavioral Approach The behavioral approach is based on the concept of explaining bahavior through observation, and the belief that our environment is what causes us to behave differently to suffer illnesses.

3. 2 . Cognitive and Social Cognitive Approach The Cognitive approach deals with mental processes like memory and problem solving. Expectancy x value theories: explanation of motivation that emphasize individuals’ expectations for success combing with their valuing of the goal. 3 . Socio-Cultural Approach * Socio-Cultural approaches emphasize the interdepence of social and individual processes in the co-construction of knowledge. * The socio-cultural approach examines the influences of social and cultural environments on behavior.

4. 4 . Humanistic Approach Abraham Maslow (1943) proposed this theory on human motivation. The basis of Maslow’s theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower need to be satisfied before higher need can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, safety, love and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs “deficiency needs”. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, towards self-actualization.

5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslow’s theory assumes that a person attempts to satisfy the more basic needs before directing behavior toward satisfying upper-level needs. Lower-order needs must be satisfied before a higher-order needs begins to control a person’s behavior. Based on hypothesis that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs.

6. Five Needs : 1. Physiological Needs: Physiological needs are those required to sustain life, such as: Air, water, food and sleep. 2. Safety Needs: Once physiological needs are met, one’s attention turns to safety and security in order to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm. Such needs might be fulfilled by: Living in a safe area, Medical insurance, Job security and Financial reserves. 3. Social Needs: Once a person has met the lower level physiological and safety needs, higher level needs awaken. The first level of higher level needs are social needs. Social needs are those related to interaction with others and may include: Friendship, Belonging to a group and Giving and receiving love.

7. 4 . Esteem Needs: Once a person feels a sense of “belonging”, the need to feel important arises. Esteem needs may be classified as internal or external. Internal esteem needs are those related to self-esteem such as respect and achievement. External esteem needs are those such as social status and recognition. Some esteem needs are: Self-respect, Achievement, Attention, Recognition, and Reputation. 5 . Self-Actualization: Self-actualization is the summit of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It is the quest of reaching one’s full potential as a person. Self-actualized people tend to have needs such as: Trust, Justice, Wisdom and Meaning.