Arvind ltd - textile internship report ( denim division)

Department of Fashion Technology
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
-MAHIMA ARORA

1. (2016-2020)

Department of Fashion Technology
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
KANGRA










ARVIND LIMITED –DENIM DIVISION





MAHIMA ARORA





TEXTILE INTERNSHIP
REPORT

2. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
ACKNOWLEGDMENT
I would like to thank Arvind, Naroda unit for giving me the opportunity to undergo a training in the textile
department and for extending their support towards us all throughout our internship

I would also like to thank NIFT, KANGRA for giving us this opportunity and facilitating our internship

It was a great learning experience throughout to see one of the most well planned and advanced textile units. We
take the opportunity to thank all the people who guided us through the entire process and made our training a
success by sharing their knowledge. I would like to thank MRS. LAXMI MEHRA, CHIEF MANAGER at ARVIND, without
whose support and guidance the internship couldn’t have been completed satisfactorily.

I am also grateful to our College mentor MS.SHIPRA SHARMA. For guiding us at every stage and making this project
a success


MAHIMA ARORA

3. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
PROJECT ABSTRACT

PROJECT TYPE - TEXTILE INTERNSHIP
INDUSTRY – ARVIND MILLS LIMITED (LIFESTYLE FABRIC)










MENTOR- MRS. LAXMI MEHRA




ADDRESS- Denim Division
Arvind Limited Naroda Road
Ahmedabad–380025 Gujarat
India
Tel: [phone]

4. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
INTRODUCTION

1.1. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
The textile industry is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design or
manufacture of clothing as well as the distribution and use of textiles. Textile is a general term
applied to any manufacture from fibers, filaments, or yarns characterized by flexibility, fineness
and high ratio of length to thickness. Textile Industry is unique in the terms that it is an
independent industry, from the basic requirement of raw materials to the final products, with
huge value-addition at every stage of processing.
Textile Internship as a module in the course of Apparel Production emphasizes on the learning of
the processes in the Textile Industry which involves the major processes of procuring raw material,
spinning, weaving or knitting, dyeing, printing, finishing, testing and quality control measures. The
internship revolves around observing the functioning and processing at a Textile Manufacturing
Unit.
It also greatly focuses on the learning of the process parameters, working conditions, process flow
and other important criteria in the manufacturing process. It is also important to observe the
machinery details, safety measures, and productivity, testing and quality criteria. We were to
understand the step-wise breakdown of all the process, how they are carried and what are the
start and end product at each of these steps.
1.2. INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

• Indian textile industry and market size
• Textiles sector contributes to 14 per cent of industrial production.
• 4 per cent of national GDP.
• 10.63 per cent of country's export earnings.

• MARKET SIZE

5. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)

• India's share of global textile exports is expected to increase from the
• Current 4% to around 7% over the next three-years
• GROWTH RATE OF ARVIND LIMITED

• 3-4 percent during the last six decade
• 9-10 percent during last five year
1.3.OBJECTIVE OF TEXTILE INTERNSHIP

The objective of our textile internship at Arvind Limited was to understand the concept of spun
yarn production, grey fabric production, dyeing, printing and finishing of fabric, textile testing and
their quality aspects both technical as well as for commercial purposes.
Our first step was to learn about the profile of the company and their basic dealings. We further
dealt with the way the company handles the raw material and sends it through to subsequent
stages of manufacturing. We were to learn about the various stages in the entire process of textile
manufacturing, the importance of each of these stages, the machinery features, machine and
material process parameters available in detail in the areas as mentioned below.
We summarize some of the major concepts that we were to observe and understand during our
internship:
• Spinning Section
• Warping Section
• Dyeing Section
• Weaving section
• Finishing
• Quality Assurance Section
• Inspection

6. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
1.4.COMPANY PROFILE
The Arvind Ltd. was set up with the pioneering effort of the Lalbhai brothers in 1931. With the
best of technology and business acumen, Arvind has become a true Indian multinational, having
chosen to invest strategically, where demand has been high and quality required has been
superlative. The Arvind Mills Limited is the flagship company of Rs.20 billion (US$ 500 million).
Arvind Mills has set the pace for changing global customer demands for textiles and has focused
its attention on selection of core products.
Fore vision and Technology has made Arvind one of the top three producers of Denim in the world,
and the most diversified conglomerates in the world. Arvind is already making its presence felt in
Shirting’s, Knits and Khakis fabrics apart from being all set to create ripples in the ready to wear
Garments world over.
Arvind’s knits department has an annual knitting capacity of 10,000 tons. Apart from the basic
knitting capabilities, Arvind has mastered specialty knitting techniques such as yarn-dyed auto
stripers, jacquards, and stretch fabric. The knits vertical has a fabric dyeing capacity of 6500 tons
per annum and yarn dyeing capacity of 3500 tons per annum. It has the ability to process both
tubular and open-width fabric and offer specialty finishes like mercerization, singing and various
forms of brushing and peaching. The department also boasts of a state-of the art print shop
equipped with fully automatic rotary screen printing technique.

1.5. VISION AND VALUES

The underlying theme running across the broad spectrum of all business activities at Arvind is that
of enhancing lifestyles of people, across all diversities and demographics. To serve that end, the
corporate vision for Arvind states:
‘We will enable people to experience a better quality of life by providing enriching and inspiring lifestyle
solutions’.

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
1.6.COMPANY PROCESS FLOW
The customer and the marketing department communicate with each other. The marketing
department then talks with Product Development Group (PDG) and then communicates the terms
discussed to the Quality Assurance and Product Planning and Control (PPC) who decide on the
various guidelines and the time required to execute the order. These guidelines are then
communicated to the plant head who conveys them to the various departments according to the
guidelines and instructions. The fabric is then sent to the fabric inspection and then to the Central
Quality Assurance, who sends it to folding and dispatch from where other financial activities
follow.

1.7.DENIM
The late 1980’s saw Arvind pioneer the
manufacture of denim in India. Today with an
installed capacity of over 110 million meters
per annum, Arvind is a leading producer of
denim worldwide. Design, Innovations and
Sustainability have been their core
competency and have played a key role in
their success. The use of sophisticated
ultramodern technology
Under the guidance of world-renowned designers has
enabled Arvind to deliver many firsts in the
international markets. All their products are designed and
.3
modeled on the basis of expert design inputs
coming from their designers based out of India, Japan, Italy and the United States. All Arvind Denim products
come with the hallmark of distinctiveness and quality.
Some Examples:
• Shuttle looms for Selvedge denim
• Name selvedge and Stretch selvedge

8. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
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• Unique Fibers like Excel, Jute, Silk, Linen
• Natural Indigo and Vegetable dyes
• Unique concept products like Indigo voiles & Handspun denim

The denim facility at Arvind is accredited with ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OEKOTEX
100, GOTS, and Organic exchange standard. Our labs are certified by NABL (ISO 17025
certification) and customers like Levi’s, Lee, and Wrangler etc.

1.8. Customers
Gap Inc – Patagonia – Tommy Hilfiger – Quicksilver – Brooks Brothers – Silver Jeans – Calvin Klein
– FCUK – Pull & Bear – Jack & Jones – Energie – Esprit – S.Oliver – Mexx – Sisley – Benetton – Coin
Own Brands Licensened Brands
Mainstream Bridge to Luxury
Excalibur Gant U.S.A. 1949
Flying Machine Energie’

Popular

Premium
Ruf & Tuf USPA
New Port University Arrow

Joint Venture Brands

Popular
Bridge to Luxury Cherokee
Tommy Hilfiger Mossimo

Premium
Lee
Wrangler

9. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
1.11. PRODUCTION PLANNING CONTROL
The production planning team need to coherently work on deciding whether the capacity of the
plant is enough to fulfil the order in the given lead time.

Usually the lead time for any
particular order is 50 to 55 days,
including all quality checks inspection
etc.
The thumb rule for calculation of lead
time:
• Pre- spinning procedures: 3 days
• Spinning: 15-20 days
• Warping and dyeing- 3 days
• For every weaving cycle- 3 to 4
days(weaving cycles depend on the
order qty and above mentioned
factors)
• Usually for one order about 8 to 10 weaving cycles required
• Finishing processes- 1 day for each process, if not covered in the integrated finish
processing machine
• Inspection 2 to 3 days
PPC for denims in Arvind is done on excel.
The PPC team is the one, to plan each and every step of the production process, and it is
their responsibility to deliver high quality products at the promised time

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
Production process

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(2016-2020)





















SPINNING DEPARTMENT

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SPINNING SECTION

“To produce quality yarns for world class shirting’s with optimum cost within stipulated time frame
through continuous improvement.”
Process flow of spinning department:



 The cotton fiber grows in the seedpod or boll, of the cotton plant. Each fiber is a single elongated cell that is flat,
twisted, and ribbon like with a wide inner hollow (lumen).It is composed of about 90 percent cellulose and about
6 percent moisture; the remainder consists of natural impurities.

 The outer surface of the fiber is covered with a protective wax like coating which gives the fiber a somewhat
adhesive quality. Bale of about 165-170 kg comes into spinning mill
Blow room
(opening,
cleaning &
blending)
Carding
Drawing
Spinning (open end
rotar)
winding

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
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2.1. LAYOUT OF THE SPINNING SECTION


 The cotton fiber grows in the seedpod or boll, of the cotton plant. Each fiber is a single elongated cell that is flat,
twisted, and ribbon like with a wide inner hollow (lumen).It is composed of about 90 percent cellulose and about
6 percent moisture; the remainder consists of natural impurities.
 The outer surface of the fiber is covered with a protective wax like coating which gives the fiber a somewhat
adhesive quality. Bale of about 165-170 kg comes into spinning mill

2.2.RAW MATERIAL

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)

2.2.1. STORAGE
• Bales are bought and stored into the cotton godown at the shirting section
• Weight of the bale (comes in packages of 220 to 250 kg)
• Storage Area: 1500-2000 sq. M
• Capacity: 4000-6000 bales
2.2.2. VARIETY OF COTTON FOR SHIRTING DIVISION
• Pakistan cotton
• Bani Brahma Maharashtra baby cotton
• American cotton
• Recycle cotton
• Gizza-76, 45 & 88(Egyptian)
• Australian ELS
• Cotton in Arvind Mills is mainly imported from Pakistan, Turkey, U.S.A., Australia, Egypt
and China.

TRUTZSCHLER BLOW ROOM PROCESSES
The basic purpose of blow room is to supply small, clean homogeneously blended fibre tufts, if
more than one variety of fibre is used to carding machine without increasing fibre rupture, fibre
neps, and broken seed particles and without removing more good fibres.
The above is achieved by the following processes in the blow room:
• Pre-opening
• Pre-cleaning
 Mixing or Blending
 Fine Opening
[2-4% of the fibre is removed in the blow room section as waste. Feeding is done by the lattice
feeding system in the blow room. Humidity in the blow room should be around R.H. – 65% to
75%.]

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
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The blow room is divided into two sections:
 Open end line ( for pure cotton fibre)
 Vertex line ( for manmade/ synthetic fibre)
 Production capacity (at 85% efficiency)
 Weight of lap produced – 1700 kg/8hr/line
 Length of lap produced – 4000 yards/8hr/line
 Total production capacity of the unit – 10 ton
 Time taken to produce one lap – approx. 4 – 6 min.
 No. Of laps produced per hour – approx. 12
PRE-OPENING
Machine used:
• GBR-II
• Make- Trutzschler (Germany)
• 400 kg/hour
1. The tuft size in the missing should be as small as possible. Normally it should be less than 10
grams.
2. Since this machine does not take care of long term blending, mixing should be done properly to
maintain the homogenous blending
3. This machine is not meant to remove trash, hence the fibre loss should also be less
4. Trash removal in this machine will result in breaking the seeds, which is very difficult to remove
5. It is easier to remove the bigger trash than the smaller trash, therefore enough care should be
taken to avoid breaking the trash particles
6. This machine is just to open the tufts into small sizes so that cleaning becomes easier in the next
machines.
7. The fibre tuft size from this machine should be preferably around 100 to 200 milligrams.
8. If tuft size is small, removing trash particles becomes easier, because of large surface area
PRECLEANING
Machine used:
• Axiflow Cleaner

16. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
• Machine make: Trutzschler (Germany)
• Model: 52-2502
• Pressure- 50-75 Bar
• Pre-cleaning should be gentle.
• Since removing finer trash particles is difficult, seeds and bigger trash particles
should not be broken.
• Finer trash particles require severe treatment in Fine openers. This will lead to fibre
damage and more nep generation.
• Therefore, pre-cleaning should be as gentle as possible and no compromise on this.
If pre-opening and pre-cleaning are done properly, consistency in trash removal by
fine openers is assured.
• Dust removal should be started in this machine. Enough care should be taken
remove dust in this process.
• The fibre treatment in this machine is very gentle because the fibres are not
gripped by the feed roller during beating.
• Fibre tufts treated by the pin beater when it is carried by air medium
• All heavy trash particles fall down before it is broken
• Cleaning efficiency of this machine is very high in the blow room line
• Mostly all heavy seeds( full seeds) fall in this machine without any problem
• Around 50 Pascal suction pressure should be maintained in the waste chamber for
better cleaning efficiency
• Beater speed, air velocity through the machine, grid bar setting and gap between
grid bars will affect the cleaning efficiency
• Higher the cleaning efficiency, higher the good fibre loss, higher the nep generation
and higher the fibre rupture
• The optimum cleaning means maximum cleaning performance, minimum loss of
good fibres, a high degree of fibre preservation and minimum nep generation.

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BLENDING PROCESS


Cotton is passed from bales and then to apron. Apron moves cotton to blending apron. Blending
apron has sharp spikes the raise cotton until part of it is knocked off by the roll. Some of the cotton
stays on apron. The cotton knocked back by roll and continues to chum and blend until picked up
again by apron. Another roll strips off cotton that was not knocked back by previous roll. Cotton
falls on conveyor belt and is carried to next process. It is necessary so as to obtain uniformity of
fiber quality.

MACHINE USED: BLENDOMAT –TRUETZSCHLER

Model BDT/019/2300
Bale Layout BOTH SIDES (2 ROWS)
No Of Bales 50-60
Weight Of Bales 110-167 kgs
Mode Of Bale Laying MANUAL
Material In Process COTTON WITH IMPURITIES

• It helps to maintain the homogeneity of the long term blending.
• Cotton is opened gently without recycling as it is done in manual bale openers.
• With the latest automatic bale opening machines, the tuft size can be as small as 50 to
100 grams without rupturing the fibres.
• The opening roller speed should be around 1500 to 1800 rpm.
• The depth of penetration of the opening should be as minimum as possible for better
quality.

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
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• It is better to use this machine with one mixing or maximum two mixing at the same.
• If the production per feeding machine is less than 150 kgs, then four mixings can be
recommended.
OPENING PROCESS

Lint cotton falls on apron and passes between feeder rolls to
beater cylinder. The rapidly whirling beater blades take off small
tufts of cotton, knock out trash, and loosen up the mass. The two
screen rolls are made of screen material and air is sucked out of
them by fan. This draws the cotton from beater and condenses it
on the surface of the screen rolls from which it is taken and
passed on by the small rolls. Air suction through cotton takes out
dirt and trash. Conveyor belt passes cotton to another type of
beater. From beater the cotton passes to a conveyor and is
carried to hopper. The fiber is mixed and passed to an opener, cylinders with protruding fingers
open up the limp and free the trash. The kind and number of cylinders or beaters, employed
depend upon the type of cotton that is being processed. As the cotton is opened, trash falls
through a series of grid bars.

CARDING PROCESS

Before the raw stock can be made into yarn, the remaining impurities must be removed, the fibers
must be disentangles, and they must be straightened. The straightening process puts the fibers
into somewhat parallel CARDING. The work is done by carding machine. The lap is passed through
a beater section and drawn o rapidly revolving cylinder covered with very fine hooks or wire
brushes slowly moves concentrically above this cylinder. As the cylinder rotates, the cotton is
pulled by the cylinder through the small gap under the brushes; the teasing action removes the
remaining trashes, disentangles the fibers, and arranges them in a relatively parallel manner in

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form of a thin web. This web is drawn through a funnel shaped device that molds it into a round
rope like mass called card sliver. Card sliver produces carded yarns or carded cottons serviceable
for inexpensive cotton fabrics.

DRAWING PROCESS












The combining of several fibers for the drawing, or drafting, process eliminates irregularities that
would cause too much variation if the slivers were pulling through singly. The draw frame has
several pairs of rollers, each advanced set of which revolves at a progressively faster speed. This
action pulls the staple lengthwise over each other, thereby producing longer and thinner slivers.
After several stages of drawing out, the condensed sliver is taken to the slubber,
where rollers similar to those in the drawing frame draw out the cotton further. Here the slubbing
is passed to the spindles, where it is given its first twist and is then wound on bobbins.

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STEPS: Her six cans that were filled at cards feed each drawing from delivery. The spoons are
connected so that if any one of the six slivers from can should break, the machine automatically
stops. This prevents making uneven yarn later. Each of four set of rolls runs successively faster
than preceding set. The last set runs approximately six times as the first set; consequently, sliver
coming out is the same size as each one of six going in. but is attenuated to six times the length
per minute. The sliver is neatly coiled again in roving can by coiler head. The sliver is now much
more uniform and fibers much more nearly parallel. The sliver is now ready for roving frames.

COMBING PROCESS

When the fiber is intended for fine yarns, the sliver is put through an additional straightening
called COMBING. In this operation, fine-toothed combs continue straightening the fibers until
they are arranged with such a high degree of parallelism that the short fibers, called noils, are

21. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
combed out and completely separated out from the longer fibers.

The combing process forms a comb sliver made of the longest fibers, which, in turn, produces a
smoother and more even yarn. This operation as much as 25% of the original card sliver; thus
almost one fourth of the raw cotton becomes waste. The combing process, therefore, is
identified with consumer goods of better quality. Since long-staple yarns produce stronger,
smoother, and more serviceable fabrics, quality cotton goods carry labels indicating that they are
made from combed yarns or combed yarns.
SPINNING PROCESS

The roving, on bobbins, is placed in the spinning frame, where it passes through several sets of
rollers running at successively higher rates of speed and is finally drawn out to yarn of the size
desired. Spinning machines are of two types; ring frame and mule frame. The ring frame is faster
process, but produces a relatively coarse yarn. For very fine yarns, such as worsted, the mule frame
is required because of its slow, intermittent operation.
The ring frame, which is general in use, is more suitable for the manufacture of cotton yarns in
mass production. Its hundreds of spindles, whirling thousands of revolutions per minute, and its
constant spinning action provide a fast operation. The ring spinning frame completes the
manufacture of yarn

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(1) By drawing out the roving
(2) By inserting twist, and
(3) By winding the yarn on bobbins-all in one operation. The bobbins of yarn are removed for such
processing as may be desired; for example, the yarn may be reeled into skeins for bleaching or
may be wound on cheeses, or spools, for ultimate weaving.

STEPS: The principle of spinning is same as that used in roving except that the operation is more
refined and a ring and traveler are used instead of the flyer. From bobbin roving is fed between
set of drafting rolls to draw strand down to its final Fig. 2.9 desired size. The spindle turns bobbin
at a constant speed. The front set of rolls is adjusted to deliver yarn at a speed sufficient to insert
desired mount of twist as strand moves along. The traveler glides freely around ring. The tension
caused by drag of traveler causes yarn to wind on bobbin at same rate of speed as it delivered by
rolls.

OPEN END SPINNING
In open end spinning, the fibre supply is reduced, as far as possible, to individual fibres, which are
then carried forward on an air-stream as free fibres. This permits internal stresses to be relaxed &
gives rise to the term “free fibre spinning”. These fibres are then progressively attached to the tail
or “open end” of already formed rotating yarn. This enables twist to be imparted by rotation of
the yarn end. Thus the continuously formed yarn has only to be withdrawn & taken up on a cross-
wound package.
EFFICIENCY IN SPINNING DEPARTMENT:
 Open end: 85 to 90%
 Draw frame: 85 to 90%
 Auto doffing system: 88%
 Manual doffing system: 75%
 Comber: 93%
 Carding: 87%

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PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF OPEN END SPINNING
• 6700 kg of 10s yarn can be produced per machine per day.
• Machines work 24 hours a day, stopping only when faulty or for maintenance.
FREQUENTLY FACED PROBLEMS
Several defects in the yarn lead to a decrease in the production, and slows down the
manufacturing process, since these defects have to be remedied during production. These defects
are length variation, thick and thin, moiré and count variation.

How these problems can be overcome?
Machines with quality stops (sensors) are used to overcome these defects.

Safety precautions observed
• Fire extinguisher
• Medical centre with Ambulance
• Water hose pipe
• Boots for personal safety

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WARPING
DEPARTMENT

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WARPING DEPARTMENT
Warping is transferring many yarns from creel of single-end package Forming
parallel sheet of yarn wound on to be a beam or section beam. Warping machines can process all
type of materials including coarse and fine filament and staple yarns, monofilament, textured and
smooth yarns, silk and other synthetic yarn such as glass.
There are two method of yarn dyeing in denim production
• Rope dyeing.
• Slasher dyeing.
Warping method used for both method of dyeing are different. The process used for rope dyeing
is known as “BALL WARPING” and for slasher dyeing “BEAM WARPING” method is used.
BALL WARPING SYSTEM:
 In this system of warping the yarns are
wound on a large cylindrical roll in the form
of twist less rope.
 The balls are used for dyeing of denim
fabrics.
 This rope is wound onto a long cylinder
called a log on a machine developed
specifically for this purpose (the ball
wrapper).
 Packager of warp yarn brought into the
warping area one or two days prior to warping and allowed to condition to the
ambient temperature and humidity of the area. They warp much easier if allowed
to precondition in this manner.


adapters which are located on steel support pins throughout the creel

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• These adapters support the packages of yarn and insured that the package is remains
aligned to the tensioning devices.
• The next step involves threading the tensioners.
The warp beam, so produced is then comb
Model AGCH9240.
Max. Creel Capacity 640. (V-Creel used).
Min. Crel Capacity 334. Speed 20m/min to 1200m/min. Tensioner Type Electronic.
Pressure 200daN to 600daN.
WARPING MACHINE: Warping machine comprises on two parts,
1. Creel Section
2. Head Stock Sections
BEAM WARPING: IN direct warping, yarn are withdrawn from the single end yarn packages on the
creel and directly wound on a beam.
A.)Direct Warping can be used to directly produce the weavers beam in a single operation. This is
especially suitable for strong yarn that do not require sizing. And when the number of warp end
are relatively small.
FREQUENTLY FACED PROBLEMS
Several defects in the yarn lead to a decrease in the production, and slows down the
manufacturing process, since these defects have to be remedied during production.
How these problems can be overcome?
Machines with quality stops (sensors) are used to overcome these defects.
Safety precautions observed
• Fire extinguisher
• Medical centre with Ambulance
• Water hose pipe
• Boots for personal safety
• First aid box

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DYEING DEPARTMENT

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DYEING SECTION

There are 2 types of dyeing techniques used at Arvind Mills:
 Slasher dyeing
 Rope Dyeing















Dyes used
• Indigo blue
• Sulphur dye

Dyeing Technique:
1. Pure Indigo (light, Medium, Dark)
2. Pure Sulphur (black)
3. IBST-indigo bottom Sulphur top
4. SBIT-Sulphur bottom Indigo top 5. Pigment dyes-rarely

SLASHER DYEING (SUCKER MULLER)

slasher dyeing
beam warping
combination of warp beams to form sheat
dyeing and sizing
rope dyeing
ball warping
dyeing
rebeaming
sizing

29. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
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(2016-2020)


A slasher is a range is normally employed to apply size formulations onto warp yarns before
weaving.
• This range when used for slasher dyeing of indigo, consists of section beams of
warp yarn, which are forced into a sheet of yarn. 1 beam is 2500mts in length.
• 12 beams layers are put together in a sheet.
• Each beam has 575 ends
• This yarn sheet is then fed into a scouring and washing section where natural
impurities are removed.
• Temperature of 50̊C is maintained
• After starching post drying is carried out (5-7 % moisture) and layers which were
pressed together. Here the number of beams in the leasing zone is equal

Slasher Dye Range Slasher dyeing ranges have a number of advantages and unique characteristics.
Slasher dyeing employs a sheet of yarn, which is wound directly onto a warp beam rather than ropes
of yarn, which then requires additional handling. This type of dyeing works well with lightweight
denims. In general, these machines require less floor space, enable smaller production runs, have a
quicker turn over time, and are more flexible in their response to changes in the market. As
an overall process these ranges have lower machinery cost; therefore, lower dye costs are realized
for specific fabric types.

Pre treatment
Washing zone
Indigo Dyeing
Washing
Pre-drying
Sizing
Post drying

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Rope dyeing

It consist of twisting the yarns into a rope that is then quickly dipped into indigo baths. The yarns
basically undergo a repetitive sequence of dipping and oxidation. The more frequent the dipping and
oxidation, the deeper is the indigo shade. Rope dyeing is considered the best method for dyeing
denims as the short dyeing time does not allow the indigo to fully penetrate the fibers.

A) This drying process is carried out through Cylinders and Coilers are used to make Quality
arrangements and to make 400 to 430 ends separate from individual Ropes.

B) Re-beaming department: Here they re-open the rope and winds it on beams so that they can be
sized on next step. They have 6 Re-Beaming machines with of 410 ends. And there daily production is
~50,000m-open the rope and winds it on beams so that they can-Beaming machines with the comb.

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(2016-2020)








Re-beaming department

The Impact of this Process is that Dyeing Process is done with the possible nearest accuracy and efficiency
but it involves more cost than Sucker Muller in respect of Machinery, Workers Skills and Working
Environment. It gives 5 times more Production than Sucker Muller.
Here Quality is more focused in terms of Purity issues of Indigo. It gives better penetration of Indigo on
Ropes (Yarns) as Dyeing is done 8 times.
It has a capacity of setting 40,000 meters at a time. Indigo extracts from plants that are naturals and there
are synthetic dyes.
We must know that Indigo is Insoluble element and to make it applied on the Ropes (Yarns) Caustic is added
to the Indigo to make it soluble.
Still this is not enough this just a formation of Soluble but to apply on surface of Ropes it requires a pathway,
which is given by Hydro, and it makes the (pH) in its acidic media so that Indigo is directly applied to the
Ropes (Yarns).
The basic difference between Warp Dyeing and Rope Dyeing is that in Warp Dyeing-Dyeing and Sizing
Process goes together whereas in Rope Dyeing the focus is mostly on Dyeing Process and then after the
Ropes is filled into cans and then Ropes are opened as a Warp and thereafter Sizing part is done.

SIZING DEPARTMENT

There are complete automatic computerized sizing machines (Benning). Here they can load 2 sets at a time.
In this machine, 2 sizing boxes having capacity of 400x2lit in which warp sheet passes through in such a way
that 6beams(half sheet) pass through 1stsize box and other half sheet pass through 2ndsize box and then
they combine together for weave able beams.
The avg. maximum workable speed is 45-60m/min. the avg. production of this dept.

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(2016-2020)
Checking and monitoring the sizing process:-

Programming the machine:

The easy to follow visualization and recipe management, in which all the machine and textile parameters
are stored, permit fast and simple programming.

Sizing monitoring:

The sizing process is automatically monitored. All set points are specified with upper and lower tolerance
limits. Deviations from the programmed value are displayed at once and instructions for their rectification
are explained in the language of the operator.

Viscosity of size paste:

Viscosity of size pate should not deviate from required value. Less viscose paste makes adhesion of size
material well but coating on the surface of the yarn is not done properly. While paste with higher viscosity
coats the yarn very well but adhesion of paste into the core of yarn in terms of increasing its strength is not
done properly.

Moisture content in the yarn:

The moisture content in the sized yarn should not go below 6%. Otherwise the coating of size film will not
allow absorbing moisture in the loom shed which is necessary for good working. For this moisture monitor
is being supplied with the machine. The temperature of the drying cylinders should be kept

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WEAVING DEPARTMENT

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(2016-2020)
WEAVING SECTION

3.1.PROCESS FLOW IN THE WEAVING UNIT

The warp beams are received from the warping department, which is situated

inside the main
plant. The transportation between the warping and weaving department is accomplished by the
means of warp beam trolleys and trucks. Once the warp beams reach the loom shed, individual
warp threads are needled through the head eyes manually (drawing), hence preparing a beam for
loading on to a loom. All the warp threads have to be threaded through the head eyelet and its
gap in the reed prior to weaving. The warp threads are passed through eyelets on the head. Two
operators sit facing each other, across the frame and the operator facing the reed passes a hooked
needle through the head eyes and drop wires. The needle hook is then exposed to the second
operator on the other side of the frame; who selects the correct yarn in its proper order and puts
it on the hook so that
when the needle is
pulled, the yarn is
threaded through the
two loom parts. This
process is carried out in
an area right behind the
main loom shed.

35. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
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(2016-2020)
warp threads. Once the denting is complete, the beam is loaded as per the requirement. Once the
already loaded warp beam is exhausted, the new one can be tied on to it by the means of manual
knotting. After this the process of weaving can be resumed in about 2 hours.

The waving machines are named after their filling insertion system. Schematics of the filling
insertion systems that are used in the market are:
I. Shuttle
II.Projectile
III.Rigid rapier
IV.Flexible rapier
V.Air jet
VI. Water jet
Based on the filling insertion system, the weaving machine can be classified as shuttle and shuttle
less weaving machines

Air Jet Looms
Air Jet Weft Insertion System This system is most improved form of weft insertion. In this system,
the mechanism and machine parts have been totally eliminated used to drive the weft insertion

36. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
source. This facilitate to increase the insertion rate up to 2500 p.p.m this type of machine is firstly
commercialized by Swedish engineer Max Paabo in 1951. Weft thread is propelled using
compressed air. It is simple operation with reduced mechanical parts and hence the maintenance
cost is very low.

The working principles of air jet weaving machines are based on carrying the yarn by the friction
of the air jet. During the yarn’s forward movement by the air in the sheds, the velocity of the weft
yarn decreases because of the decreasing pressure and the disturbance on the air flow direction
[. The air jet must provide a constant speed to the weft yarn along the weaving wideness.

Advantages of Air-Jet Weaving Machine
• High productivity
• High filling insertion system
• Reduced hazard because of few moving parts
• Low noise and vibration
• Low spare parts requirements

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• To increase the production of loom by increasing the speed and by increasing the width
of loom
• Machines are versatile and roust to produces light to heavy value added fabric
• Almost all loom motions are being controlled electronically
• These looms can be operated up to 40 looms per operated
• Fully automatic lubrication system
• Produce 100% export quality goods
LOOM MOTIONS
There are three types of loom motions which are given below;
Primary Loom Motions
 Shedding
 picking
 beating
 take-up motion
 let-off motion
Secondary Motion
 Warp stop motion
 Weft stop motion
 Warp protector motion
 Weft replenishing motion
Auxiliary Motion
 Terry motion
 Selvedge motion
 Weft petering motion
 Temples
 Brake

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Weaving Department (Arvind Mill)
After passing through different processes such as Spinning, Warping, Dyeing and Sizing this is a
stage where Raw Fabric is processed and then finally it goes to Finishing Department. Now this
stage is processed through Zax a loom set which is basically a model of Machines. These Machines
works with a speed of 700 to 750 Rotations per Minute (RPM). There are 203 Machines out of
which 159 are Zax Machines and 44 (209i) Machines. There are 135meters per Roll as per
customer’s requirements and after making a Raw Fabric, it generally goes for detecting the
defects. Generally, yarn is produced from cotton, filaments, lycra, Polylycra.
Warp Beamers first installed to the Air jet loom set, which is Technology from Japan (Tsudakoma)
and then after a weft is entered into nozzles through air pressure. Warp is seen vertically on these
machines and weft is horizontal to it.
Weft enters through censors and passes the full lobby of warp and the dents of warp are set before
starting the machine. Dents are defined as gap between two ends. The larger the dents the lesser
will be the gap between two ends.
Generally, one machine produces 500 meters of Raw Fabric daily depends on picks. In addition, to
produce in such a hassle environment you need to have 75 to 80 % of humidity required in every
textile mills and due to this 10% contraction of fabric takes place in weaving department. There is

39. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
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(2016-2020)
inflow of cool atmospheric air from above floor and outflow of air ventilation is given at
underground level. There is air blower attached on the above of such machines to remove
unwanted fibers on machines, which is continuously rotating for cleaning purpose.
MAJOR DEFECTS
 Band pick
 Double end
 Starting mark
 Weft cut
The defect acceptance percentage at Arvind is 2.4and efficiency is 85-87%, efficiency being
measured in terms of number of picks to be inserted.

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(2016-2020)



































PROCESSING/FINISHING
DEPARTMENT

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PROCESSING / FINISHING DEPARTMENT

Finishing of grey denim fabric normally carried out after weaving. It takes an important role in fabric
properties, appearance, softness and residual fabric shrinkage. The department churns out 300000
meters of finished denim cloth a day.
The main purposes of applying various finishes may be summarized as under.
 HIGH SALES APPEAL: To impart properties of attractive appearance, supple handle, softness
and good drape.
 HIGH WEAR QUALITY: This refers to adequate tensile and abrasion strengths, dimensional
stability, crease recovery and freedom from pilling
 BODY PROTECTION AND COMFORT: This relates to proper heat insulation, moisture absorption
and air permeability
 SPECIAL EFFECTS: These include water-repellency, reduced flammability, mildew and moth-
proofing, anti-static behavior and soil release property.

Classification of Finishes:

Considering the existence of a large number and a great variety of the finishes for the cellulosic fibers,
it is understandable that a completely satisfactory classification is not possible to make.
The finishes are often sub-divided as physical and chemical, permanent and temporary, deposition
and reactive etc.
Sometimes the finishes are classified according to the effects obtained like appearance, wearing
qualities, weighting etc. To complicate the matter further, the final folding and packing of the
materials is sometimes included in the list. However the following description, though not perfect, is
fairly rational and does justice to the topic.

Physical /Mechanical Finishes:

(a) TEMPORARY / NON PERMANENT
 Calendaring: Swizzing, Friction, Chasing, Schreiner, Embossing and Felt
 Beetling

(b) DURABLE
 Raising, Sueding, (Immersing or Peach Finish)
 Shrinkage Control Finishes

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Chemical Finishes

(a) TEMPORARY /NON PERMANENT
 For Handle and Appearance: Softening, Stiffening, Weighting, Lustering (other than
Mercerizing)
 Special Effects: Water-Repellency, Flame-Retardancy, Mildew Proofing

(b) PERMANENT
 Crease Recovery, Softening
 Water-Repellency, Flame-Retardancy, Mildew-Proofing

FINISHING DEPARTMENT PROCESS FLOWCHART


SINGEING UNIT
The verb ‘singe’ literally means ‘to burn superficially’. Technically, singeing refers to the burning-off
of. Loose fibres not firmly bound into the yarn and/or fabric structure. Singeing is an important part
of pretreatment. This is the burning off of protruding fiber ends from the surface of the fabric. If not
done properly, unclear print patterns, mottled fabric surfaces, and pilling results.
 Loose yarns not firmly bound into the fabric structure;
Textiles materials are most commonly singed in woven or knitted fabric form or in yarn form. Singeing
Process
SINGEING UNIT
MERCERIZING UNIT
STENTERING UNIT
WET FINISHING UNIT

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Singeing process is as follows:

•To produce a smooth surface finish on fabrics made from staple fibers first the fabric surfaces are
brushed lightly to raise the unwanted fiber ends.
•Then the fabric is singed with or passed over heated copper plates or open gas flames. The fiber
ends burn off.
•The fabric is moved very rapidly, and only the fiber ends are destroyed.
•As soon as the fabric leaves the singeing area, it enters a water bath or desizing bath. This stops any
singeing afterglow or sparks that might damage the cloth. Arvind uses two different types of singeing
machines namely OSTHOFF (GERMAN) and MENZEL (U.S.A).

MERCERIZATION UNIT

Mercerization is carried out for the following purpose.
•Improving luster (silky look, in tension mercerization only).
•Improving tensile strength.
•Improved dimensional stability.
•Increasing uniformity of dyeing & improving color yield (savings in dyestuff).
•Improving Elasticity or Stretch material (in slack mercerization only). Mercerization is a process of
impregnating the textile material with a concentrated solution of cold NaOH, keeping it in contact
with this cold solution for a given time with or without tension, and subsequently rinsing it.

STENTERING UNIT
A machine or apparatus for stretching or stentering fabrics. The purpose of the stenter machine is to
bringing the length and width to pre determine dimensions and also for heat setting and it is used
for applying finishing chemicals and also shade variation is adjusted.
The main function of the stenter is to stretch the fabric widthwise and to recover the uniform width.
Functions of Stenter Machines:
 Heat setting is done by the stenter for lycra fabric, synthetic and blended fabric.
 Width of the fabric is controlled by the stenter.
 Finishing chemical apply on fabric by the stenter.
 Moisture of the fabric is controlled by the stenter.
 Fabric is dried by the stentering process.
 Shrinkage property of the fabric is controlled.
 Curing treatment for resin, water repellent fabric is done by the stenter.

44. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
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Working Procedure of Stenter Machine: The fabric is collected from the batcher to the scary and then
it is passed through the padders where the finishes are applied and sometimes shade variation is
corrected.The fabric is entered into the Mahlo (weft straighter) the function of the Mahlo is to set
the bow and also weave of the fabric is gripped by the clips and pins are also provided. There are 8
to 10 chambers provided on the machine each chamber contains a burner and filters are provided
to separate dust from air the circulating fans blow air from the base to the upper side and exhaust
fans sucks all the hot air within the chambers.

VARIOUS WET PROCESSES

Chemical Padding: The denim fabric is then padded to apply finish to the fabric. Here the fabric
passes into a full immersion pad and finish is added at high wet pick up. The finish is necessary to
properly lubricate fabric for the subsequent skewing operation.

Skewing: After chemical padding, the fabric is stretched by passing through two pulling devices and
then passes through a skewing unit, where the skewness is removed.

Palmer Cylinder: After the compressive shrinkage unit, the fabric is passes through a palmer unit,
where the fabric is dried and iron.
The functions of the palmer cylinder is:
 To dry the denim fabric to a level of about 4% relative humidity and set shrinkage,
 Adjust the shrinkage,
 It helps in precise adjustment of fabric shrinkage. It pulls the fabric and precisely control
tension

Cooling Unit: At the exit of the palmer there is a cooling can. The unit consists of one, two or three
stainless steel jacketed cylinders equipped chilled water circulation to cool the hot fabric as it comes
out of the Palmer unit.

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(2016-2020)





































QUALITY ASSURANCE
DEPARTMENT

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QUALITY ASSURANCE
Arvind is committed at providing the best quality of fabric to the consumers for over 80 years now.
The quality control is an integrated process that starts when the customer gives the order, and the
DNTG develops the samples accordingly, it is checked for quality assurance measures and compliances
with customer needs.
Essentially there are 2 major parts of quality assurance:-

COTTON LABORATORY: Cotton is held for the 70% cost of the fabric cost only and hence becomes a
major factor which if controlled will add maximum contribution to the strength of Arvind mills. The
coefficient of variance is calculated for the width, diameter and hairiness of the fibre. The machine
used for this purpose is USTER TESTER. The fibre is passed at a speed of 400m/min and the variance
is hence calculated. The variance is calculated against international or the preset Arvind standards.
The length, weight and the exact count of the fibre is also calculated.
PHYSICAL TESTING LABORATORY
This testing happens at the yarn manufacturing stage and the yarn is tested for its
1. Length
2. Elongation
TESTING
PHYSICAL
TESTING
CHEMICAL
TESTING
SHADE TESTING
PROCESS
CONTROL
SHIPMENT
CLEARANCE
CERTIFICATION
AND
ACCREDITATION
INSPECTION
IN -PROCESS
FINAL

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3. Elasticity
The yarn should be tested in a way so as to know whether the yarn can take all the loadings or not
and if yes to what extent can it take. This helps in deciding what processes the yarn can face and what
effects cab be deduced.
Single yarn strength and its elongations is measured using the USTER TENSORPAID 3 machine which
is the most trusted name in the field and comes from Switzerland. INSTRON 4465 is used to check the
tensile strength of the fiber and the tear strength is also calculated in grams. For all the above written
testing’s the standard lab conditions are made at a temperature of 60+/2 F and the humidity level is
maintained at 65%+/-2% Factors like stretchablilty skew and shrinkage are tested after marking is
done followed by three washings of the fabric; the fabric is toned to the environment after keeping it
in the standard environment.
CHEMICAL TESTING LABORATORY:
In the chemical laboratory they check all the fuels, dyes, and all the chemicals that are used in the
production process. They even check the denim if it is washed with bleach how much it fades the
colour. They try different process like how the denim would react in different conditions like in case
of perspiration, salt water, normal water, in extreme temperature.
COLOUR QUEST LABORATORY:
In the colour quest they try to find out the different shades and they see to it that after the washing
and drying process does the shade match the requirement of the customer or not.
A prime instrument, which fulfills all the requirements and measures the different parameters for
cotton to be used in production. The different criteria, which it detects, are as follows:
 length of the fiber
 uniformity in the length
 strength of the fiber
 elongation or elastic behavior of the fiber
 short fiber length (no. of fibers lesser than ½”)
 Rd: the color i.e. the degree of yellowness or whiteness of the fibers.
 The percentage of coarseness and fineness of the fiber i.e. the micronaire measurement.
Around 150-200 gms of fibers are taken for testing.

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This is a semi-operated machine and measures all parameters except color. A comb is used to take out
‘fiber beard’, which is used to feed the machine.

This is used to test impurities in cotton. 10-100 g of fiber is taken and the output includes clean cotton,
micro dust and major impurities. The clean cotton serves as a standard for testing efficiency of carded
sliver.
YARN TESTING
USTER TESTER: This is a single yarn strength-testing instrument. It runs at a speed of 400 m per min.
500 readings are taken each out of 10 packages of one sample. It gives the values in unit of force/
count = g/tex. Elongation of the yarn is also measured. 7.6.3. USTER UNEVENESS TESTER: This tests
and reads thick places (+50%), thin places (-50%) and neps (200%). At a speed of 400m/min, yarn from
10 packages is tested. The Unevenness % and hairiness as a sum of total hair lengths are obtained at
stages of ring winding, roving, cone winding etc. tests are conducted many times a week to ensure
consistency. This is in-process checking.
TWIST TESTER: According to the required specifications twist of the yarn is measured in this which
involves different methods for single, doubled and open end yarn.
HAIRINESS TESTER: On the basis of optical principle, the hairiness is measured as the number of hairs
per unit length for 24 mm.
CROCKMETER -To determine the color fastness of dyed or printed textiles or leather, this test is used
for the determination of color fastness against rubbing, either under dry or under wet conditions.
PILLING RESISTANCE TESTER - Determines the resistance to the formation of pills and other related
surface changes of textile fabrics using the random tumble pilling tester.
TEARING TESTER
Elmendorf Tearing Tester. To determine the ballistic tearing strength of textiles, paper or board. Range
from 8000 to 64000 Millinewtons with suitable pendulum. Pendulums not included.
ABRASION AND PILLING TESTER

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To determine the abrasion and pilling resistance of all kinds of textile structures. Samples are rubbed
against known abradents at low pressures and in continuously changing directions and the amount of
abrasion or pilling is compared against standard parameter.

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INSPECTION

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INSPECTION

Arvind follows 100 percent inspection procedures. The acceptance level of the fabric depends on the
customer preferences.











There are two inspectors to keep continuous watch on fabric for finding the defects. The 4-point
grading system indicates that as per customer requirement defects are allowable up to their levels.
We have observed that in VF brand the 4-point allowable are only 4that is total 16 defects per
135meter roll.

4-point grading system is used for inspection of fabrics and this includes:

Size of defect Penalty Points
 3” or less ……1 Point
 3” to 6”…….. 2 Points
 6” to 9” …………3 Points
 More than 9”………. 4 Points

Holes or Openings (Largest Dimension)

 1”or less………2 Points
 More than 1”……… 4 Points

At the beginning of the month the inspection department gets the production plan for the
entire month and they plan their procedures accordingly. The finishing department gives the
 Inspection department uses 13 Kitamura Machine to find such
defects in fabrics
 The inspection frame is aligned at an angle between 45 and 60
degrees.
 Speed of fabric on inspection m/c: 25m/min
 Light of 100 Lux
 Inclination: 57
 ̊ Cost of inspection rs0.65/mtr

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material transfer note to the inspection department where the material is checked for the
following defects:

Spinning related Defects:
 Warp Slub
 Weft Slub
 Thick end
 Coarse/fine weft
 Weft bar

Weaving preparatory related defects
 Knot
 Slack end
 Ball formation
 Size patches

Weaving related defects
 Starting mark
 Tight end
 Weft float
 Knot
 Moiré
 Repaired warp
 Double end

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PACKAGING DEPARTMENT:

Details on the packages:
1. Shipment no.
2. Date
3. Sort no
4. F.M.C
5. Code no
6. Meters
7. Flags/points
8. Opt no.






Process Carried out In Packaging Department:

• Collect by finishing department
• Check with system
• Carry out inspection
• Stack
• Check with dispatch plan
• Re inspection
• Pack roll
• Send to dispatch department










Rolls of approx. 135m each sealed by polythene Spec. of
polythene cover: Plastic bags of 23 micron used

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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AT ARVIND MILLS

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

Arvind Mills commits itself to continually improve our environmental management. It strives to go
beyond the requirements of the applicable environmental laws & other regulations through:
 Optimizing usage of cotton, energy, chemicals & water.
 Adopting preventive strategies to reduce the generation of effluents, waste & air emissions
 Maximizing the recycling of inevitable wastes.
 Encouraging suppliers & buyers to become environmentally responsible.
 Maintaining a safe working environment.
 Increasing the green cover.
 Training employees on environmental issues.

WATER TREATMENT AT ARVIND MILL:

Arvind Limited at the main site at Naroda also possess chemical, biological treatment facilities to treat
10000 m3/day of effluents to meet the pollution control board norms.
Effluents due to washing: The effluents are generated from the washing carried out in between
successive processes.
 In the dye house, after dyeing activity, fixation of dye is one of the most important stages.
 Usually, 70-80% of fixation is practicable and the rest i.e. 20% of the dye used comes out in
the effluent generated due to washing.
 Effluent generated from the dye house has high concentration of pollutant as compared to
other processes in the textile processing unit

Effluents due to Mercerization

 Mercerization imparts shining characteristic to the fabric.
 washing after mercerization generates typical effluent containing caustic solution and other
impurities
 Bleaching is done by peroxide method.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL: Arvind Limited has switched from liquid fuel to Natural gas for all their
heating& steam requirements in order to avoid the air pollution.

55. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
All the units believe in waste minimization measures. The plant is provided with adequate sludge
Dewatering facilities with decanter centrifuges. Dewatered sludge is dried insolarevaporation pans for
further volume reduction. Waste oil generated in all the units is recycled. Polythene liners, discarded
containers are disposed-off to the respective buyers.

ACCREDITATIONS

1. ISO 9001:2000 by BVQI (India) Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai-India, for Manufacture and Supply of Denim
Fabrics.
The ISO 9000family of standards is related to quality management systems and designed to help
organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while
meeting statutory and regulatory requirements related to the product.

The ISO 9001:2000 version sought to make a radical change in thinking by actually placing the
concept of process management front and center ("Process management" was the monitoring
and optimization of a company's tasks and activities, instead of just inspection of the final
product).

2. IS014000: Provides environment management standards to help organizations minimize their
negative impact on the environment
Environment Management System (EMS) mandatory
Certification carried out by third-party
FocusesonprocessasincaseofISO9000

3. Oeko-Tex Standard 100 by Shirley Technologies Ltd., UK, for Black and Indigo dyed denim
fabrics, black / indigo printed denim fabric– including stretch denims.
The Oeko-Tex® Standard 100 is a globally uniform testing and certification system for textile
raw materials, intermediate and end products at all stages of production.

The tests for harmful substances comprise substances which are prohibited or regulated by
law, chemicals which are known to be harmful to health, and parameters which are included
as a precautionary measure to safeguard health

4. “Global Organic Textile Standards”, Control Union Certifications, The Netherlands, for
Processing of fibres from certified organic agriculture.

56. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
5. Levi’s Strauss: Laboratory Certification by Levi Strauss & Co., Test Methods and conditions set
forth, Denim Laboratory, The Arvind Mills Ltd.

6. ISO-17025 NABL –National Accreditation Board for Laboratories, Delhi, India, for Chemical &
Mechanical disciplines of testing.

57. TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, KANGRA. B.F.TECH
(2016-2020)
REFERENCES

 Fabric science–Glock and Kunj
 Fabric Finishing–J T Marsh
 Textile Science-B P Corbman
 Textile Science–Tortora

WEB-REFERENCES

 www.arvindmills.com
 www.garmento.org
 www.denimology.com
 www.cottoninc.com