Aspergillus and penicillium

Fundamentals of Plant Pathology

1. Aspergillus and Penicillium COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po), ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 STUDENTS Miss. RUPIKA.S COURSE TEACHER Dr. PARTHASARATHY.S Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology) Mr. GOWTHAM.M

2. Aspergillus Penicillium The conidiophore is aseptate and unbranched . Conidiophore is long slender septate and branched. Conidiophore arises from a specialized T shaped thick walled foot cell. Conidiophore arises from any vegetative cell of the mycelium. There are no foot cell. Conidiophore enlarges into a vesicle at its tip bears the finger like sterigmata. The structure forms a spherical head. The conidiophore ends in a whorl of branches which gives a broom like appearance.

3. Aspergillus Penicillium The peridium is quite soft. The peridium of cleistothecium is thicker and generally consists of loosely interwoven hyphae. Ascogonium: A small loosely coiled septate hyphal branch (latter becomes tight and close). The archicarp arises from the vegetative hyphae. A long erect, multinucleate (32-64) aseptate tubular structures. At times the upper end of the ascogonium may be curved like the handle of the umbrella. Many Aspergillus sp. causes disease known as Aspergillosis which affects lungs. Penicillium produces antibiotics that are effective against gram positive bacteria.

4. Aspergillus and Penicillium

5. Aspergillus sp. Aspergillus flavus – Aflatoxin

6. Aspergillus niger – Black mold in onion

7. Aspergillus fumigatus

8. Penicillium sp. Penicillium chrysogenum

9. Penicillium roqueforti

10. Penicillium notatum

11. Major diseases caused by Aspergillus sp. Aspergillosis is the disease caused by infection by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus . Occurs in people with underlying illness such as tuberculosis or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). People with deficient immune systems - such as patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Chemotherapy for leukaemia or AIDS - are at the risk of more disseminated diseases. The most frequently identified pathogen is Aspergillus fumigatus - a ubiquitous organism that is capable of living under extreme environmental stress.

12. Contd … Signs and Symptoms: Fever and chills, A cough that brings up blood ( hemoptysis ), shortness of breath, chest or joint pain, Headaches or eye symptoms, Skin lesions . Treatment: The most effective treatment ia a newer antifungal drug, voriconazole , Amphotericin B etc., This disease mostly infect lungs and can infect major organs such as heart an d kidneys.

13. Aspergillosis – Aspergillus fumigatus

14. Major diseases caused by Penicillium sp. Talaromycosis (formerly Penicilliosis ) Penicilliosis is an infection caused by Penicillium marneffei , a dimorphic fungus endemic to Southeast Asia and the southern part of China. It is the 3 rd most common opportunistic infection in HIV - positive individuals. Human – to - Human transmission does not occur. Dissemination of infection occurs through the lymphatics or hematogenously .

15. Contd … Symptoms: Common symptoms include fever, sweats, skin lesions - often papules with central umbilication or nodules, but a wide range of skin eruptions are possible. Diagnosis: It is often made by bone marrow examination or skin biopsy, and less reliably from blood cultures. Treatment: Consists of amphotericin B followed by itraconazole .

16. Penicilliosis – Penicillium marneffei

17. THANK YOU