ASSIGNMENT ON PRE INDEPENDENT ERA ( SRINIKETAN, GURGAON, SEWAGRAM, MARTHANDOM PROGRAMMES ) IN TRENDS IN EXTENSION EDUCATION, By Aviral BIsht

ASSIGNMENT ON
PRE INDEPENDENT ERA ( SRINIKETAN, GURGAON, SEWAGRAM, MARTHANDOM PROGRAMMES )
IN
TRENDS IN EXTENSION EDUCATION

1. ASSIGNMENT ON PRE INDEPENDENT ERA ( SRINIKETAN, GURGAON, SEWAGRAM, MARTHANDOM PROGRAMMES ) IN TRENDS IN EXTENSION EDUCATION AAC-650 Submitted to:- Dr. Kiran Rana Mam (Agricultural Communication Department) Submitted by:- Aviral Bisht (56611)

2. Pre Independent Era Sriniketan Project Gurgaon Project Sewagram project Marthandom project

3. SRINIKETAN PROJECT(1922) Founded by Ravindra Nath Tagore for village development. Main aim: All round development of rural people.

4. INTRODUCTION Shriniketan is situated about 100 km. away from Calcutta (Kolkata) in   West-Bengal State. This area was backward socially, economically and politically. Shri Ravindra Nath Tagore began this project of village development in this area with the help of sociologist Shri L.M. Hurst. Shri Tagore thought that if some villages were developed, the other villages will get inspiration and the programme of village development will spread all over the country and thus the whole country would be developed. 

5. OBJECTIVES To help the rural people for the development of cottage industry. To develop their resources so that they may know new scientific methods of farming. Development of cattle. Development of multi purpose primary level education. To help self help initiative and rural leadership To increase the knowledge of rural people.

6. Cont.. To help the rural people in establishing cottage industry. To inspire the people to follow new technology. Development of dairy farming. To create the feeling of co-operation. To arrange the facility of health and education. To create the feeling of rural leadership.

7. ACTIVITIES Sanitation in villages. Adult Education. To arrange campaign for the eradication of Malaria, TB and other infectious disease. To manage the pure drinking water. To manage saving for famine and flood. Development of Cottage industries.

8. AREA OF WORK Sri Tagore started work in his Zamindari villages of Kaligram Perganna for example Atari, Raghupur, Rani nagar, Tilakpur, Latara etc. METHOD OF WORK Survey of selected villages. Foundation of social welfare center in each village. Worker used to bring the rural problems up to this center and solutions were provided to farmers. It was two way process. To manage the medicines which may be available to rural people at proper time. Demonstration of improved practices. Community centers.

9. Drawbacks This institute could not get Government help and support. It could not do research work and hence the programmes remained limited to those 8 villages only

10. GURGAON PROJECT (1920) Towards the end of 1920 F.L. Brayne, an Englishman, was posted as Deputy Commissioner of Gurgaon district. After his assumption of the charge he studied the area by touring and observed that the people were extremely poor, dirty and unhealthy, with no conscious desire for any better because they had no idea that anything better was possible. After seven years of study he developed a scheme called "The Gurgaon scheme"

11. OBJECTIVES To increase crop production, To control extra expenditure. To improve the health. To develop the feeling of women education. Home development work To deal with whole life of the village. The work should be started in whole district at a time. Development work should be taken at campaign level.

12. AREA OF WORK Agriculture development and increasing food production. Health improvement. Village sanitation. Social improvement. Emphasis on women education. Organization of cooperative societies.

13. INTRODUCED ACTIVITIES A school of rural economy to train the village guides in 1925. A domestic school of economy to train groups of women under women and children welfare work in 1926. Health association, which ran five health centers in the district. A women's Institute at Gurgaon to manage the ladies' garden in Gurgaon METHOD OF WORK Propaganda was done by drama and music, to mould the human thoughts. Guides were appointed to express the programme at village level and to help the rural people. The teacher of village schools used to teach the village people the importance of programme and dignity of labor.

14. SEVAGRAM PROJECT (1921) Mr. M.K. Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) started this programme in 1921 at Sewagram. Later it was extended to Wardha in 1938 after 2nd non-cooperation movement. This programme was totally based on the concept of “Helping the people to help themselves”. Mahatma Gandhiji is a great social worker. He knew very well that as long as people are suppressed, their society and their nation cannot progress.

15. For ending this suppression, he began this welfare project “SEVA GRAM” by establishing his Ashram in Wardha. The programme mainly focuses on prevention of the economic and social suppression of the people and creating feeling of patriotism among them. M. Gandhi also insisted that all extension workers should have 3 principles in practice viz., self purification, self reliance and self exemplary conduct. For fulfilling this objective, Gandhiji made this programme which became famous as “Gandhian Constructive Programme”

16. OBJECTIVES To use khadi clothes To initiate programmes on sanitation, women welfare, health, economic help and social harmony in the village. To uplift the backward classes. Primary and adult educational programmes The programme of economic help. To improve the conditions of poor people To popularize the mother tongue and other national dialects. To serve the under privileged villagers. To make the villagers self sufficient and self reliant. To develop the power and courage in rural people.

17. ACTIVITIES Decentralize production and equal distribution of wealth. Self sufficiency in village. Basic education based on the learning by doing. Education should be based on everyday experiences of life. Removal of Untouchability. Equal opportunity for women. Community Unity.

18. Method of work Self Help. Dignity of labour. Eg: Shramdan Self respect. Truth and non violence. The single cause of failure of Gandhiji's programme was industrialization in the country.

19. MARTHANDAM PROJECT (1921) This programme was started in 1921 by Dr. Spencer Hatch, an American Agricultural expert. In Trivandrum at some places, people used to cultivate only paddy and coconut. To overcome this weakness, it was thought that some developmental work should be done, so that the Christian faith could spread. Consequently Dr. Hatch made agreement with Y.M.C.A. and Christian Church association for his work and initiated this project in neighboring village Marthandom. It was having a 3 field programme - development of spirit, mind and body. But later it evolved a fivefold programme-development of the physic, spirit, mind, economic and social aspects of life.

20. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this project were: Spiritual development Mental development Physical development Social development Economic development

21. OBJECTIVES Self Help and cooperation. Opening the demonstration centers. There should be an voluntary association. Helping people to help in their own work.

22. ACTIVITIES Poultry farming. Cultivation by improved methods. Bee keeping. Cattle industry.

23. METHOD OF WORK Before launching the programme, surveys are made to know the needs of that area and on the basis of their needs the programmes were introduced. The rural dramas, rural exhibition, inter-rural competition, demonstration were also organized to attract the people Religious programmes were also organized for developing the religious feelings. All-round development of rural life and individual’s progress were the subjects of importance in the programme i.e., Farming, rural industry, cooperation and development of Panchayat were initiated. For bringing economic development among the rural people, many programmes as soap making and the educational programmes etc. were organized. 6 weeks Short training courses to villagers and school teachers.

24. SHORTCOMINGS Inadequate funds Insufficient govt. help A ctivities organized in Marthandom & village workers don’t stay in villages. Religious bias Program was centred only on one person. After his death, conflict in questions regarding the leadership between YMCA & church association

25. Thank you Aviral Bisht (56611)