Audio visual media

Education

1. By / Mahmoud Shaqria محمود محمد شقريه Audio visual media

2. Out lines: INTRODUCTION Definition of Audio visual aids Purpose and Importance of Audio Visual Aids Factors Affecting Media Selection Types of Audiovisual aids 1- AUDIO-AIDS 2- Visual aids 3- AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS

3. Objectives :- At the end of this lecture students will able to :- Define Audio visual aids Discuss Purpose of Audio Visual Aids Discuss importance of Audio Visual Aids Discuss Factors Affecting Media Selection Enumerate Types of Audiovisual aids 1- AUDIO-AIDS 2- Visual aids 3- AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS

4. INTRODUCTION Education is necessary for everyone. Teaching and learning are important elements of education. The teacher use different methods and materials to teach their students and their effective learning. Audio visual aids are effective tools for teaching and learning. In audio visual teaching, attention is paid to the audio and visual presentation of the material with the goal of effective learning and retention.

5. INTRODUCTION Using audio visual technology sensory experiences are stimulated. This method includes pictures, slides, radios, videos and other audio visual tools. In the current digital world, audio visual aids have grown exponentially with several multimedia such as educational DVDs, power point, online lectures. The objective of audio visual aids is to enhance teacher’s ability to present lesson in simple, effective and easy to understand for students. The outcome is to promote audiovisual material in secondary school. The visual instruments make ideas more concrete to the learners.

6. AUDIO VISUAL AIDS DEFINITION: AV aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning. AV aids are anything by means of which learning process may be encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or sense of sight Definition :- Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic.

7. : purpose -To visualize an item, it is otherwise difficult to explain only in words. -To highlight important points. -To provide outline for materials covered in presentation. -To show continuity in process. -For creating problems and stimulating thinking. -For showing development of suture.

8. Guidelines for preparing audio-visuals 1-Keep it simple. 2-Keep it relevant. 3-Keep it focused 4-Make it purposeful and meaningful 5-Fonts should be clear and easy to read 6-Explain visual aids concisely and clearly sound of audio aid should be clear 7-The

9. Guidelines for preparing audio-visuals 8-Display visual aids where listener can see them. 9-Avoid passing the visual aids among the audience. 10-Display visual aids only while discussing them. 11-Talk to your audience, not to your visual aids.

10. Factors Affecting Media Selection 1. Domain of educational objectives “relevant to subject”. 2. Level of education of learner. 3. Age of learner. 4. Availability or according to facilities of equipment and resources.

11. 5. Cost of equipment. 6. Environment “equipped or not”; as: size of place, electricity etc. 7. Ability, interest & skills of teacher to use some sort of media. 8. Number of learner.

12. 1- AUDIO-AIDS

13. 1- AUDIO-AIDS The first category of aids is Audio-Aids. Audio-aids help in developing the listening skill of an educated . Audio-aids are those aids which can be only listened. Examples, of such types of aids include, radio, recording One way communication: no possibility of students feed back

14. (I) RADIO Radio program is called education radio-broadcasts, which provides opportunity to the teachers and students to listen to the program and take notes on them . As a follow-up activity, these programs also supplement the presentation of a teacher in the classroom, whenever they are deemed fit for the discourse .

15. Advantages 1- widely available. 2- beneficial to visually impaired and low -literate patients may be listened to repeatedly. 3- most forms very practical, cheap, small, and portable.

16. Disadvantage Relies only on sense of hearing Some forms may be expensive Lack of opportunity for interaction Between instructor and learner.

17. (II) Recording A tape recorder consists mainly of three parts-the microphone, the amplifier and the receiver . The talks of eminent personalities, educationists, academicians and scientists can be recorded and reproduced in the classroom through this teaching aid

18. Advantages of Recording : Recording can play when we required the speech of a person can be recorded at any time It can be used for introducing as well as summarizing the topic To evaluate the speech defect in one’s own speech To teach good pronunciation in foreign language Recording can be stopped at will

19. Disadvantages of Recording It occupies a lot of memory space No Centralized mechanism , So Modifications are very difficult User may not have command on the Recorded script, So locating errors is difficult Recorded scripts may be corrupted

20. 2- Visual aids (a) Projected PROJECTED VISUAL AIDS Definition of terms: Projected visual aids are pictures shown upon a screen by use of a certain type of machine such as a filmstrip projector, slide projector , overhead projector .  PROJECTED materials are useful for groups of 30 people or less.

21. ADVANTAGE OF PROJECTED MATERIALS 1- Most effectively used with groups 2- may be especially beneficial to hearing-impaired , low-literate patients 3- excellent for use in teaching psychomotor skills

22. Disadvantages of projected materials 1- Lack of flexibility due to static content for some forms. 2- Some forms may be expensive. 3- Requires darkened room for some forms. 4- Requires special equipment for use

23. (b) SLIDE PROJECTOR S lide is a small piece of transparent material on which a single pictorial image or scene or graphic image has been photographed or reproduced otherwise . Slides are a form of projected

24. M edia that are easy to prepare. They are still pictures on positive film which you can process and mount individually yourself or send to a film laboratory. The standard size of the slides is 2 “X 2 “any 35mm camera will make satisfactory slides.

25. Advantages 1- Requires only filming, processing and mounting by self or laboratory . 2- Results in colorful, realistic, reproduction original subject . 3- Preparation with any 35mm camera for most uses . 4-   Easy to revise and up-date . 5-   Easily handled, stored and re-arranged for various uses . 6- Can be combined with tape narration or can control time for discussion . 7- May be adapted to group or individual use

26. Disadvantages 1-Electricity required 2-Equpiment for making slides are expensive 3-Carless storage can easily lead to permanent damage 4-Slides are susceptible to accumulation of dust and finger print

27. (c) Power point It is feature of MS office which is used to shorten the story or summaries it and enhance it elements using different features in it .

28. Criteria for using PowerPoint 1 . Appropriate font sizes for presentations a. Titles - 32 point minimum b. Text in bulleted lists - 20 point minimum 2. Appropriate colors for visibility a. High contrast for rooms with ambient light b. Best is dark background with light letters. c. Light background with dark letters OK

29. Criteria for using PowerPoint 3. Appropriate use of text (Rule of 6) A- Slides should be an outline of talk – not every word you plan to say b-Put whole talk in speaker notes only C- Keep to 6 lines per slide – 6 words to line maximum. d-Quotations are OK full text. Otherwise, no full sentences e-Delete articles (the, a, an) f- If concepts can be illustrated with images/visuals, use them instead of words

30. Criteria for using PowerPoint 4 . Appropriate use of animation a. Animation should enhance, not distract b. Animation should not make the presentation run long c. Use subtle animation to show concepts, sequence, or focus audience but only if time d. Use same transition between all slides

31. Advantages of PowerPoint Projects a professional image . Minimal expense Compact and portable . Slide shows are easy to email . Visuals easily edited . Allows easy insertion of graphics Slide show can be printed, copied and provided as handout material during presentation .

32. Disadvantages of PowerPoint 1-The high speed may reduce participation of students 2- Neglect of interaction with students may make a lecture monologue 3-Takes time to learn the software 4-Requires technical support and equipment 5-Some of features can distract audience

33. (d)Transparencies , are popular instructional medium. They are simple to prepare and easy to prepare and easy to operate with the over head projector which is light weight. A 10*10 inches sheet with printed, written or drawn material is placed on the platform of the projector and a large image is projected on a screen behind you. The projector is used from near to the front of the room with the teacher standing or sitting beside facing the student.

34. Tips for making effective transparencies Have one main idea an each transparency. Include only related figures and diagrams. Use simple lettering style in writing. Use diagrams in proposition to its lettering. Keep the message clear and simple. Emphasize the key messages. Use color and lettering with discretion.

35. Advantages Permits face to face interaction with the students. Can be used in daylight conditions. Can present information in systemic developmental sequences. Requires limited planning and can be prepared in variety of inexpensive methods. Easily available.

36. Disadvantage 1-Lack of flexibility 2-Fragile format 3-Overhead projectors 4-Darkened classroom

37. Producing transparency use pens to create text or drawings on plastic or acetate sheets use a copy machine with transparency film designed for copiers use a computer and printer

38. Preparing transparencies • Mount transparencies in frames or insert them in plastic pockets • Number thetransparencies • Store the transparencies in a box envelope or a “pocket ” Limit the information to one main idea and about 5-6 lines of large type Use large lettering Print text Make graphics and drawings large enough to be seen

39. (e) POSTERS Definition: “Posters are the graphic aids with short quick and typical messages with attention capturing paintings.”

40. Purposes To provide general motivation. To create an esthetic or atmospheric effect. To communicate a more general idea. To thrust the message for leading to action For the class room and community

41. Features of a good poster Brevity : message should be concise. Simplicity : message should be easily understandable. Idea : should base on single idea and it should be relevant. Color : suitable color and combination should be used to make the poster attractive and eye catching. Display : while displaying one should be sure to find a place where there is adequate light and where the larger population will see it.

42. Advantages It attracts attention It conveys the message very quickly It does not require a detailed study. Good poster leads to action with good motivation It can stand alone and is self explanatory

43. Disadvantages Poster does not always give enough information. When a poster is seen for longer time it may not attractive.

44. (f) Flip chart A set of charts related to specific topic have been tagged together and hang on a supporting stand. The individual charts will carry a series of related materials or messages in sequence

45. Advantages Inexpensive easy to move from room to room and don’t require electricity. They are small group enough that several may be used simultaneously e.g. for small group work. They are possible use by teacher and student. Pages of information can be prepared in advance and revealed at appropriate points on the presentation. Can be converted to slides

46. Disadvantages May require the use of graphics talent . Not suitable for large audience setting . May be difficult to transport

47. (j) FLANNEL BOARD Is a storytelling system that uses a board covered with flannel fabric, usually resting on an easel, although its primary use is as a storytelling medium, rather than as a toy

48. ADVANTAGES Permits numerous and varied arrangements of visual materials. Permits the use of either chart or small pieces of material Materials can be packed and transported complete notes. Development of a complete story. Promotes conscientious planning, which must precede the development of the material in the first place. Challenges one to develop symbols to portray such things as abstractions

49. Disadvantages 1- Transportation and storing of boards and materials is a problem. Suitable tables to support boards must be available. 2- Time and cost of making material for presentation present a problem. 3- Cost of boards themselves can't be overlooked 4- Presentation is limited a new idea involves material can be added .

50. Disadvantages 5- Might tend to deter one from using other more effective methods and techniques when it is evident that other methods might be more appropriate. 6- To tell a complete story it often takes either too much board space or smaller designs and materials some of which cannot be seen well

51. (h) White or black board One of the first and oldest of the visual aids, one which is still in use today, is a piece of chalk or pen a blackboard.

52. ADVANTAGES Available in most training rooms Doesn’t require electricity Easy to use and inexpensive Suitable for use by both clinical trainers and participants Excellent for brainstorming, problem solving, making lists and other participatory activities

53. Disadvantages The board can’t hold a large amount of material Writing on the board is time-consuming It’s difficult to write on the board and talk to participants The board can get messy There is no permanent record of information presented

54. Tips for using black or white board Keep the board clean Use chalk or pen that can be seen Make text and drawings large enough to be seen by all Prepare complex drawings in advance Underline headings and important or unfamiliar words

55. Tips con. Do not talk while facing the board Do not block the view of participant Allow time for participation to copy information from the board

56. 3- AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS The third category of aids is Audio-Visual aids. In these aids both the listening (ears) and viewing faculties (eyes) are involved . Such aids include television programs, video films, computers and computer-assisted instructions

57. (I) FILMS Films represent an effective instructional device to Cato the students’ attention and create interest and motivation among them towards effective learning . Educational films may be prepared on any content material or any aspect of knowledge, and behavior

58. (II) TELEVISION Television is a versatile medium of transmitting education through different programs. It combines the sound and sight ,thus makes the experience more concrete, real, and immediate. It is an exciting means of communication. Useful instructional programs are being telecasted regularly for the student community on television .

59. A teacher should utilize the T.V. programs and make them the basis for discussions on relevant occasions . * In the health field, it has already served as powerful advocate of healthy behavior

60. Films or movies provide action , color and sound it is best show films to groups of 30 people or less they are a useful communication medium some films provide mainly information and they look like lectures that use sound and visual aids . some demonstrate skills , while others are like play and show real-life situation . people can learn about new behavior , attitudes and values from films .

61. Advantages of films or movies 1- flexible for use with different audiences. 2- widely used educational tool inexpensive , for the most part uses visual and auditory senses. 3- powerful tool for role-modeling , demonstration , teaching projectors skills .

62. Disadvantages of films or movies 1- some commercial products may be expensive . 2- some materials may be too long or inappropriate for audience .

63. (III) VIDEO Video is a viable aid towards effective learning and teaching. Teaching with the help of video is called video-aided instruction . Video is clearly an instructional medium that generates a much greater amount of interest and enjoyment than the more traditional printed material .

64. Advantages Instant replay of subject material Permanent and reusable Versatile media Allows both the audio and visual to be recorded

65. Disadvantages Requires practice May be bulky to handle all the equipment May distract students while they are being Videotaped

66. Tips for using videos: Make sure the clip is not too long. While a 30-second video can illustrate your ideas in a memorable way, anything much longer will distract attention from the speech itself . Make sure the video is cued to start exactly where you want it .

67. If necessary, edit the video to the precise length you need so it will blend smoothly into your speech . Beware of low-resolution video. This is particularly important in the case of YouTube clips, which may look fine on a computer but are blurry and distorted when projected on a large screen or monitor .

68. questions 1. What are audio-visual aids? 2. What is the need to use audio-visual aids? 3. What is the difference between audio and visual aids? 4. List example for various audio and visual aids that you can use in the classroom situation. 5. Mention four uses of a white and black-board?