Smieliauskas & Bewley, Auditing: An International Approach, 7
th
Edition Page 8-6
Solutions Manual © 2016, McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved.
assessed level of control risk, (5) significant industry or company risks, (6) computer system control environment,
(7) utilization of the company’s internal auditors, (8) identification of unusual accounting principles problems, and
(9) schedules of work periods, meeting dates with auditee personnel and completion dates. The planning memo is
basis for deciding on specific audit objectives and procedures to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence on
which to base the audit opinion.
8-40 One type of audit program is called the “internal control program,” and its objective is to guide the work involved
in:
Obtaining an understanding of the auditee’s business and industry.
Obtaining an understanding of management’s control structure.
Assessing the inherent risk and the control risk related to the financial account balances.
The other type of audit program is called the “balance-audit program,” and its objective is to specify the
substantive procedures for gathering direct evidence on the assertions (i.e. existence, completeness, valuation,
rights and obligations, presentation and disclosure) about dollar amounts in the account balances.
8-41 The nature of audit procedures refers to their identification with one of the general types of procedures--
recalculation, physical observation, confirmation, verbal inquiry, examination of documents, scanning, and
analytical procedures.
The extent of the application of procedures usually refers to the sample sizes of data examined, such as the
number of customer accounts receivable to confirm, or the number of inventory types to count. In audit sampling
applications, there is also a decision related to extent of which items to select from the population of items
sampled. Extent may also refer to how frequently a scanning procedure is performed, e.g. review all sales entries
for four days in each of four months.
The timing of audit procedures refers to when they are performed, usually at (1) interim, at (2) year-end, or after
year end during the field work. However, timing may have other aspects such as surprise procedures
(unannounced to auditee personnel).
8-42 Audit file working papers contain the documentation that supports the decisions regarding procedures necessary
in the circumstances and all other important decisions made during the audit. They are the auditors’ proof they
complied with generally accepted auditing standards and hence are support for the value of the audit to outsider
users who rely on audited financial statements. The situation when Andersen was found destroying audit working
papers for an auditee under SEC investigation, Enron, shows the impact of documentation on the reputation of the
audit firm and the value of an audit.
8-43 In the permanent audit file:
1. Copies or excerpts of the corporate or association charter, bylaws, or partnership agreement.
2. Copies or excerpts of continuing contracts such as leases, bond indentures, and royalty agreements.
3. A history of the company, its products, markets and background.
4. Copies or excerpts of stockholders, directors, and committee minutes on matters of lasting interest.
5. Continuing schedules of accounts whose balances are carried forward for several years, such as owners’
equity, retained earnings, partnership capital and the like.
6. Copies of prior years’ financial statements and audit reports.
Permanent audit file documents contain information of continuing interest over many years’ audits of the same
auditee, such as articles of incorporation, shareholder agreements and long-term contracts. Financial or other
information in the current year that is related to these agreements and contracts will be verified by comparing to
these permanent records.
8-44 Audit administration papers filed in the current working paper file (usually in the first part of the file).
1. Engagement letter.