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1. Azərbaycan Respublikası Elm və Təhsil Nazirliyi
Sumqayıt Dövlət Universitetinin nəzdində Sumqayıt Dövlət Texniki Kolleci P . H . Ş . Şöbə – İ nformasiya Texnologiyaları ve kimya İxtisas – Komp u ter Sistemi Üzrə Proqram Təminati
Qrup – 530a-9-24 Fənn – Xarici dildə işguzar ve akademik komminikasiya
Mövzu – Types Of Personal Computers
Müəllim – K ə rimova Aygül
Tələbə – Bəktiyev Əli Tarix – 08.10.2025

2. In the history of human civilization, there have been several information revolutions in accordance with the radical changes in the field of information processing. The first revolution is associated with the emergence of writing, the second with book printing, the third with electricity, telegraph, telephone, radio and television, and the fourth with microprocessors, personal computers, and the Internet. Summarizing these, it can be noted that the development of society has passed through agricultural industrial periods and entered the information stage There fore, the history of informatics actually begins with the fourth information revolution. Since the history of informatics covers the stages of creation and development of computers, their classification and architecture, hardware and software, which are its components, its development history also corresponds to the history of the development of computer technology. Computer is an English word that means calculator. Before this word, the words "numerical calculating machine", "electronic calculating machine" (ECM), or "calculating machine" (CM) were used.

3. The first generation (1950-1959) of computers was created on vacuum tubes. This type of machine had a large size, small RAM, low computing performance (performed a thousand operations per second). The functional limitations of input-output devices and external memory made it difficult to process text (symbolic) information. They were mainly used to solve mathematical problems. Examples of this generation of computers include: “Ural”, “ Strela ”, “Minsk-1”. In the second generation (1960-1969) of computers, electron tubes were replaced by semiconductor elements - transistors and diodes. Computers of this generation had higher computational efficiency (performed millions of operations per second), operational memory, and their sizes were noticeably reduced. Input-output devices were connected to improved large-capacity external memory (on magnetic tape), which made it possible to process textual information. The issue of parallel operation of the main units with external devices was partially solved. In such computers, the application of algorithmic languages ​​​​became widespread and the rules for solving problems on the machine were simplified. As examples of computers of this generation, we can cite “BESM”, “Minsk-22”, etc.

4. A desktop computer is a type of personal computer designed to be used at a fixed location, usually on a desk or table. Unlike laptops, desktops are not portable, but they are more powerful and easier to upgrade. Main Features: Consists of separate components: monitor, keyboard, mouse, and a system unit (CPU case) . Runs on electricity, without a built-in battery. Offers larger storage capacity and stronger processing power compared to portable devices. Advantages: Better performance for multitasking and heavy applications. Easy to repair and upgrade (RAM, hard drive, graphics card, etc.). Usually more affordable than laptops with the same power. Uses: Common in offices, schools, and homes . Suitable for tasks like document processing, programming, graphic design, gaming, and internet browsing .

5. A laptop computer is a portable personal computer that combines all the main parts of a desktop in a single device. It includes a built-in screen, keyboard, touchpad (mouse), speakers, and battery . Laptops are designed to be lightweight and easy to carry. Main Features: Portable – can be used anywhere. Works on a rechargeable battery or electricity. Built-in components (no need for separate monitor or keyboard). Advantages: Mobility: you can take it to school, work, or travel. Saves space compared to desktop computers. Useful for students, teachers, and business people. Limitations: More expensive than desktops with the same power. Limited upgrade options. Battery life depends on usage. Uses: Popular for studying, office work, presentations, internet browsing, entertainment, and communication .

6. A tablet computer , or simply tablet , is a portable personal computer that uses a touchscreen instead of a physical keyboard and mouse. It is usually smaller and lighter than a laptop, making it easy to carry. Main Features: Operated mainly by touch (finger or stylus/pen) . Thin, lightweight design. Works on a rechargeable battery . Has built-in Wi-Fi, speakers, and camera . Advantages: Very portable and convenient. Easy to use with simple touch gestures. Long battery life compared to laptops. Good for reading e-books, watching movies, and web browsing. Limitations: Less powerful than desktops and laptops. Small storage capacity. Not suitable for heavy tasks like 3D design or programming. Uses: Popular for entertainment, online learning, presentations, drawing, and video calls . Common examples: Apple iPad, Samsung Galaxy Tab, Microsoft Surface .

7. A smartphone is the smallest and most widely used type of personal computer. It combines the functions of a mobile phone with those of a computer, allowing people to communicate, work, and access the internet from anywhere. Main Features: Small, pocket-sized device. Operated by a touchscreen . Works on a rechargeable battery . Built-in camera, microphone, speakers, and sensors . Runs on mobile operating systems such as Android or iOS . Advantages: Highly portable and always accessible. Multi-functional: phone calls, messaging, internet, apps, social media. Thousands of applications for education, business, entertainment, and health. Easy access to information anytime, anywhere. Limitations: Small screen compared to laptops or tablets. Limited storage and performance for heavy tasks. Battery drains quickly with continuous use. Uses: Everyday communication (calls, SMS, video chats). Social networking and internet browsing. Online shopping, mobile banking, GPS navigation. Taking photos and videos.

8. A workstation is a high-performance personal computer designed for professional work that requires powerful hardware. Unlike regular desktops, workstations are built to handle complex tasks such as: 3D modeling Engineering and architecture design Video editing and animation Data analysis and scientific computing Main Features: Very powerful processors (CPU) and large amounts of RAM . Professional graphics cards (GPU) . High storage capacity, often with SSDs for speed. More reliable and durable for continuous use. Advantages: Handles heavy workloads without slowing down. Suitable for professional fields like architecture, film production, and science. Limitations: Very expensive compared to normal PCs. Not portable (usually large desktop machines).

9. Gaming PCs A gaming PC is a personal computer specially designed for playing video games at high performance. They are optimized for speed, graphics, and smooth gameplay . Main Features: High-end graphics cards (GPU) . Fast processors and large RAM. Advanced cooling systems to prevent overheating. Often customized with colorful RGB lighting . Advantages: Excellent graphics quality and fast performance. Can also be used for streaming, video editing, and multitasking. Limitations: Very expensive, especially high-end models. Large and not portable like laptops. Uses: Playing modern video games. Virtual reality (VR) experiences. Content creation such as streaming and video editing.

10. Conclusion (Extended Version) Personal computers have become an essential part of modern life , used for education, business, entertainment, and communication. Over time, PCs have evolved into different types to meet the diverse needs of users: Desktops : best for power, storage, and easy upgrades. Laptops : offer portability and convenience for students and professionals. Tablets : lightweight, touchscreen devices mainly for entertainment and light tasks. Smartphones : the most popular type, combining communication and computing in a pocket-sized device. Workstations : designed for professional, heavy-duty tasks requiring maximum performance. Gaming PCs : specialized for high-quality graphics and smooth gaming experiences. Each type has unique advantages and disadvantages , so users should choose depending on their goals and lifestyle . In the future, personal computers will continue to become smaller, faster, and smarter , combining artificial intelligence, cloud services, and more portable designs.