Bacteria versus virus, Difference between bacteria and virus

Bacteria versus virus, Difference between bacteria and virus, presentation on bacteria and virus by raj kumar kumawat,
Basic differences between bacteria and virus

2. 1. CELL TYPE
Bacteria - Prokaryotic cells
Virus - Acellular
2. NUMBER OF CELLS
3. SIZE
Bacteria - Single celled
Virus – No cell
Bacteria- Larger than viruses (0.3-2 μ)
Virus – Minute (0.02-0.3 μ)
4. MICROSCOPY
Bacteria- Visible under Light Microscope.
Virus – Visible only under an Electron Microscope.

3. 5. SHAPE
Common bacterial cell shapes include cocci (spherical),
bacilli (rod-shaped), spiral, and vibrio (comma-shaped).
Viruses typically have spherical (polyhedral), rod-shaped,
or helically shaped capsids while some viruses, such as
bacteriophages, have complex shapes.
6. CELLULAR MACHINERY
7. TYPE OF ORGANISM
Bacteria- Possesses a cellular machinery
Virus – Lack of cellular machinery
Bacteria- Mostly intercellular organisms (i.e. they live in-
between cells); some intracellular.
Virus – Intracellular organisms (they infiltrate the host cell
and live inside the cell).

4. 8. STRUCTURE
Bacteria - Organelles and genetic material within a cell wall
Virus - Genetic material within a capsid, some have an
envelope membrane.
9. CELL WALL
Bacteria - Cell wall made of peptidoglycan and
lipopolysaccharide.
Virus – No cell wall. Protein coat presents instead.
10. CELLULAR MEMBRANE
Bacteria- Cell membranes present. No sterol except
in Mycoplasma cells which have cholesterol.
Virus – Some are enveloped, but no membrane function.

5. 11. GENOME
Bacteria - DNA and RNA, 1 chromosome, No histones
Virus - DNA or RNA1 nucleocapsid except in segmented or
diploid viruses
12. NUCLEIC ACID
Bacteria- DNA and RNA floating freely in the cytoplasm.
Virus – DNA or RNA is enclosed inside a coat of protein.
13. mRNA
Bacteria- Mono- and poly-cistronic mRNA.
Virus – Some have poly-cistronic mRNA and post-
translational cleavage.

6. 14. CELL ORGANELLES
Bacteria - Presence of non-membrane bound cell organelles.
Virus - Absent. Uses host organelles; obligate intracellular
parasites
15. RIBOSOMES
Bacteria- 70s ribosomes (30s+50s)
Virus – No ribosomes
16. LIVING ATTRIBUTES
Bacteria- Living organisms..
Virus – Between living and non-living things.

7. 17. REPLICATION
Bacteria - Binary fission (asexual). DNA replicates cells
continuously.
Virus - It invades a host cell and takes over the cell causing
it to make copies of the viral DNA/RNA. Destroys the host
cell releasing new viruses.
18. THE NEED FOR HOST CELL
Bacteria- Able to reproduce by itself.
Virus – Need a living cell to reproduce.
19. OTHER FORMS
Bacteria- In some spore-forming bacteria, sporulating forms
can be seen.
Virus – Besides viruses, two other acellular forms exist
Viroids and Prions.

8. 20. CELL INFECTED
Bacteria - Animal, Plant, Fungi
Virus - Animal, Plant, Protozoa, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea
21. INFECTION
Bacteria- Localized
Virus – Systemic
22. INDUCTION OF FEVER
Bacteria- A bacterial illness notoriously causes a fever.
Virus – A viral infection may or may not cause a fever.

9. 23. DURATION OF ILLNESS
Bacteria - A bacterial illness commonly will last longer than
10 days.
Virus - Most viral illnesses last 2 to 10 days.
24. DISEASES/ INFECTIONS
Bacteria- Food poisoning, gastritis, and ulcers, meningitis,
pneumonia, etc.
Virus – AIDS, common cold, influenza, chickenpox, corona
etc.
25. Susceptibility to Antibiotics
Bacteria- Most bacteria are susceptible to antibiotics.
Virus – The virus does not respond to antibiotics.

10. 26. TREATMENT
Bacteria - Antibiotics
Virus – Antiviral drugs
27. BENEFICIAL USE
Bacteria- Some bacteria are beneficial (as normal flora,
probiotics, fermenters, etc.)
Virus – Viruses are not beneficial. However, a particular
virus may be able to destroy brain tumors. Viruses can be
useful in genetic engineering.
28. EXAMPLES
Bacteria- E.coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Mycobacteria
spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus anthracis, etc.
Virus – HIV, Hepatitis A virus, Rhino Virus, Ebola virus,
Corona virus etc.