Ballistics (Types of Bullets with detailed explanation).pptx

Various types of bullets are explained along with pictures

1. BALLISTICS ( TYPES OF BULLETS) PRESENTED BY PRIYANKA GADISETTY

2. 1. NON- JACKETED BULLET Unjacketed bullets are typically purely lead in construct. Lead is a very soft metal and often leaves deposits behind in the barrel . On the basis of jacket

3. 2. JACKATED BULLET It was found that lead bullets did not function properly at this velocities. They got deformed. Accuracy was adversely affected. To remedy this, the bullets were covered with a jacket. The commonest material for the jacket is copper .

4. On the bases of jacketing these are two types- Baseless jacketed Bullet Base jacketed Bullet On the basis of material of jacketing, these are 4 types- Paper-patched Bullet Wire-patched Bullet Metal cased Bullet Electroplated Bullet Gas-Check Bullet

5. BASELESS JACKETED BULLETS Bullets that have a metal coating around the majority of bullet. This does not include the base of the bullet, which still has exposed lead. Do not expand and tend to penetrate very deeply, causing a straight through wound channel . BASE JACKETED BULLET Totally encapsulated in a brass or steel alloy jacket. Tend to penetrate very deeply with little to no expansion.

6. PAPER-PATCHED BULLET Simple material for the jacket was paper. They were good but they left pieces of paper in the barrel, which gave trouble in subsequent firing. The barrels had to be cleaned frequently. METAL CASED BULLET Lead bullets suffered at highly velocities, were almost fully overcome when they were covered by metal jackets. Copper, mild steel, cupro-nickel alloy and gilding metal are commonly used

7. ELECTROPLATED BULLET To prevent excessive deformation, lead bullets were electroplated with copper. They increased fouling of the barrel without reducing deformation of the bullets substantially ultimately the method was given up . GAS CHECK BULLET Gas checks are most commonly found in the form of a thin cup or disc made of copper, zinc, aluminum or some suitable alloy such as brass. There will be a rebated area to allow the cup to fit the base, or a small projection to allow attachment of the check. Used in obsolete military rifles

8. On the basis of tip shapes SOFT POINT BULLET :- Constructed of lead and usually encapsulated with a copper or steel alloy jacket, with the exception of the tip of the bullet. Designed for controlled expansion and high weight retention. When the bullet strikes the target, it mushrooms into an umbrella like formation and caused wound much larger in diameter than the bullet itself. Used for hunting.

9. 2. HOLLOW POINT BULLET The tip is hollow, the lead core does not fill the cone of the nose of the jacket. The bullet is excellent for aim accuracy and good for expansion. When a hollow-point hunting bullet strikes a soft target, the pressure created in the pit forces the material (usually lead) around the inside edge to expand outwards. This process is commonly referred to as mushrooming .

10. On the basis of ogive shapes Round Nose Bullet Bullet that has a rounded tip. Have better aerodynamics than flat point bullets. A reasonable trade-off for medium velocity and medium- weight cartridges. Made of lead are referred to as "Lead Round Nose" bullets.

11. 2 . FLAT NOSE BULLET Also known as wadcutter bullet. Flat at the point. Expand more than a round nose when it strikes a substance. Used in most of the repeating rifles with tubular magazine.

12. 3. SEMI-WAD CUTTER BULLET Semi-Wadcutter bullets are generally characterized by a cone-shaped tip with a flat nose. They can either be all exposed lead or have a jacket covering the bullet. They should be deep penetrators with little to no expansion. Semi- wadcutter bullets are cheap.

13. 4. SPITZER BULLET Bullet that has a pointed tip. "Spitzer" is the German word for "pointed.“ Spitzer bullets do not expand as well as round nose bullets or flat point bullets. Used in rifles where the velocity is high enough that this is not a concern.

14. On the basis of heel shapes FLAT BASE BULLET The cylindrical section to the rear of the bullet is the shank. The shank can have a flat base . The flat base is heavier and provides greater penetration, but the boat tail provides greater accuracy over distance. The base of the shank can also have a base plate of harder metal to prevent deformation of the bullet during firing.

15. 2. BOAT-TAILED BULLET It was found that the resistance could be reduced if the base side of the bullet was tapered. The boat-tailing helped the flow of air over the bullet and reduce the friction and air resistance. The boat-tailing of the bullets increased the aim and the range of the projectiles .

16. 3. STREAM-LINED BULLET Tapering on both the nose and base sides ended in pencil points. The nose side point helped smooth penetration of the air and the base-side point provided a smooth surface for the air flow over the bullet. The sabot travels along with the projectile in the barrel and helps to keep it in the position in the grooves

17. OTHER TYPES OF BULLETS : TRACER BULLET Trace their trajectories, the path of flight. Some start tracing the path after traversing a distance of about 100 meters. The trace is visible in the form of a streak of bright red flame given by a special composition(Barium peroxide and Magnesium powder) placed in the base of the bullet made hollow for the purpose. Available for machine guns, rifles and pistols.

18. INCENDIARY BULLET Made with an explosive or flammable mixture in the tip that is designed to ignite on contact with a target. The intent is to ignite fuel or ammunition in the target area, thereby adding to the destructive power of the bullet itself. Needs extreme care in handling.

19. ARMOUR PIERCING BULLET Consists of a hard tungsten chrome steel core point at one end. Enclosed in a mild steel jacket which has some space between the core and the jacket. Space is filled with a special filter alloy. Create enough heat to soften the target material to allow the core to enter into the target.

20. COPPER PLATED BULLET Bullets coated with copper Avoid having to lubricate the bullet Covered with wax on that portion of the bullet which projects outside of the case this lubricant is more or less of a nuisance. Prevent the spreading and melting of bullet .

21. PARADOX PROJECTILE Specially made bullet, intended to be fired from a paradox shotgun. Shotguns have two shallow grooves, when paradox bullet passing through the grooves portion of the barrel, gets rotated which like bullets continues to spin outside in the air.

22. ROTARY PROJECTILE They rotate as they move along the barrels. The rotation is achieved by special construction of the projectiles. They are often a hollow cylinder with fin like twisted projections either on the inside or outside of the surface. The spin improves both the aim and the range of the shot.

23. ALUMINIUM TIPPED BULLET Have aluminium in the tip of the jacket. Light weight metal for the tip improves the aim and range of the projectile. British Mark VII bullet had an aluminium tip

24. DUM DUM BULLET Given the name because they were manufactured at dum-dum. It is place near Calcutta in India. The soldiers rubbed the tips and softened them. On striking the target , these bullets with softened nose broke in to many pieces and caused extensive injuries.

25. DUPLEX BULLET Consists of two projectiles loaded in one cartridge. The forward missile is recessed at its base, allowing the second projectile to fit snugly into the forward bullet. Causes a difference in the trajectories of two bullets. So the two projectiles enter the target at different points

26. NON-LEAD BULLET Made up of metal or metal brass such as steel, copper. Also called Balle D. Little to no fragmentation. Better penetration and a longer wound channel means greater killing power. Much less toxicity for humans and wildlife. Equal or greater accuracy.

27. Straight Case The case diameter is approximately same along its length.

28. Bottle Neck Case The wide body case is reduced in diameter to that of a bullet This permit a very much larger volume of propellant to be used and consequently higher velocities to be obtained, than in straight case .

29. Tapered case A wide base cartridge case is gradually reduced in its diameter along its length

30. RIMMED It has a flange at the base which is much larger than the body of the cartridge case . This flange enables cartridge to be extracted from the weapon that is to be used.

31. SEMI - RIMMED It has a flange which is slightly larger than the diameter of the case & a groove engraved around the case body is just in front of flange.

32. RIMLESS The flange diameter is same as the case body, and for extraction purpose, a groove around the case body is provided in front of flange

33. REBATED : This has a extractor flange which is less in diameter than that of the cartridge case. BELTED CASE: It has a pronounced raised belt encircling the base of the cartridge case , this belt is for the additional strength in powered or high pressured cartridge cases.

34. TYPES OF BULLETS

35. THANK YOU