Basi Conept of Open Science presentation training.pptx

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1. Open Science & Diamond Open Access Training Addis Ababa University Libraries February 27, 2025

2. Open Science is an umbrella term that involves various movements aiming to remove the barriers for sharing any kind of output,resources,methods or t ools, at any stage of the research process . As such open access to publications, open research data, open source software, open collaboration, open peer review, open educational resources, citizen science fall into the boundaries of open science. the possibilities that digital tools and the internet provide for collaboration and information sharing

3. OS encompasses Sharing research data publicly on platforms Pre-registering study designs before data collection Making research code openly accessible Utilizing citizen science projects Publishing research articles in open access journals

4. Expected Effects Increased reproducibility and quality Increased value creation Democratization of knowledge Increased innovation

5. Foster Innovation Collaboration across disciplines and geographic boundaries allows for quicker sharing of knowledge and ideas, accelerating the pace of scientific discovery

6. Ethical considerations OS can increase accountability by making research processes more transparent, potentially reducing scienctific misconduct

7. … Open Source and Open Data aim at ensuring that materials such as questionnaires, forms, procedures, collected data, metadata, and source code are shared to foster replication studies, increase data re-use, and facilitate the peer-reviewing process

8. Maximizes transparency and accountability in research It is common to see fabricated findings What happens if someone claim that your PhD thesis finding is false or fabricated? Prove that you had done the work as described?

9. Nature's survey 70% failed to reproduce others 52% failed to reproduce their own experiments 31 % failure to reproduce is probably wrong

10. Reduces the cost of duplicating data collection Researchers’ spent 60% of their time on working with data (collection, processing, etc) Data sharing promotes new research and allows for exploration of new questions without necessitating new data collection The same datasets can be used for multiple purposes without substantial new investments Data gathered by researchers to answer one set of questions may be useful to others to answer another 60% time saved can be used to enhance the quality

11. Promotes innovation & potential new data uses Researchers throughout the world have shared and reused data Demonstrate how participation in information sharing practices can impact significant global events The full genome of COVID-19 was published a month after the first patient This is to be compared with a five-month delay in the case of SARS outbreak in 2002-03

12. Increased use and economic benefit The case of NASA Landsat satellite imagery of the Earth’s surface: Up to 2008 Since 2009 Sold through the US Geological Survey for US$600 per scene Sales of 19,000 scenes per year Annual revenue of $11.4 million Freely available over the internet Google Earth now uses the images Transmission of 2,100,000 scenes per year. Estimated to have created value for the environmental management industry of $935 million, with direct benefit of more than $100 million per year to the US economy Has stimulated the development of applications from a large number of companies worldwide

13. Stakeholder expect data to be shared Institution sets internal data management policy User are using 3rd party data Funder are expecting data to be open to support a research project Publisher need research data to publish scientific record Stakeholders Emerging Need

14. Publishers An emerging trend in the Publishers Community The emergence of data publishers (Data Journals) This can be used for promotion Journal Publishers require raw research data to publish Data sharing policy statements

15. Public disclosure of the research data you have collected. Retraceable for others for verification purpose & reusable for future research & researchers Publishers-Data Publishers Emerged Journal of Physical and Chemical Research Data  http://jpcrd.aip.org/resource/1/jpcrbu Biodiversity Data Journal  http://www.pensoft.net/journals/bdj/ CODATA's Data Science Journal http://www.codata.org/dsj/index.html Geoscience Data Journal   http:// www.geosciencedata.com Earth System Science Data http ://earth-system-science-data.net / Ecological Archives - http :// esapubs.org/archive/archiveD.htm Hindawi publishing :  http://www.datasets.com / Chemical and Engineering Data http ://pubs.acs.org/journal/jceaax

16. Funders-Research Data 22 Research funders expect data to be shared based on the FAIR principles Expected to write DMP to win projects

17. Copyright is “the body of exclusive rights granted by law to copyright owners for protection of their work.” A license states what can be done with the data and how that data can be redistributed . E.g. (GPL and CC) A waiver relinquishes all rights of ownership and usually commits the work to the public domain . Copyleft: is the practice of granting the right to freely distribute and modify intellectual property with the requirement that the same rights be preserved in derivative works created from that property. Copyright, license , Waiver

18. Creative Commons licenses and waivers Why use an open license? Facilitate data sharing and discovery Increase visibility of your data Advance knowledge

19. EUDAT licensing tool Answer questions to determine which licence(s) are appropriate to use http://ufal.github.io/public-license-selector

20. The debates The potential for misuse of data for illegitimate purposes (such as biological weapons) Alleged lower quality ofpublications in open journals E.g. The Norewegian Association of Researchers (NAR) opposed the proposed mandatory CC-BY license

21. Challenges Incentive Data Privacy Digital Divide

22. Open Science Practices Pre-print servers Open Access Publishing Data sharing repositories Collaborative research platforms

23. https://dmponline.dcc.ac.uk/ Is a web-based tool developed by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) that supports researchers to develop good quality data management and sharing plans. Users can choose to share a draft or final version of their DMP with stakeholders. It allows the plan to be written collaboratively rather than being the sole responsibility of one individual. This is particularly important when it is necessary to ensure that everyone understands their responsibilities within the plan. DMP Tool

24. AAU OS Practices Institutional repository Electronic Journals Research data repository DOI DMP

25. Types of Open Access Gold Open Access : This model provides immediate free access to publications, typically funded by article processing charges (APCs) from authors or their institutions. Articles are available immediately on the publisher’s website without subscription barriers. Green Open Access : allows authors to deposit a version of their work (often preprints or accepted manuscripts) in open repositories, often following an embargo period specified by the publisher. This approach is also known as “self-archiving.” Diamond Open Access : Unique among Open Access models, Diamond  Open Access eliminates both APCs and subscription fees, making it completely free for both authors and readers. 

26. Diamond Open Access Diamond Open Access refers to a scholarly publication model in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers.

27. Key Characterstics Community-Led and Academic-Centric Multilingual and Culturally Inclusive: diverse community, diverse culture, diverse language Equity and Accessibility The concept of bibliodiversity

28. Issue 1: Reforming researcher assessment has been too slow: evaluating research on its content not other proxies. Issue 2: Business models based on APCs and subscriptions are highly inequitable: swapping the inequality paywall to APC Issues to fully implement DOA

29. Data repositories: Re3data.org https://www.re3data.org Open data repositories: http://oad.simmons.edu Open data repository: www.opendatarepository.org Google dataset datasetsearch.research.google.com Data.gov: https://www.data.gov / Addis Ababa University research data repository: https ://rdr.aau.edu.et Earth data by Nasa CERN Open data portal: https://opendata.cern.ch / Harvard Dataverse, Zenodo DOI registration: CrossRef , DataCite Important resources