Basic Hand Tools in Automotive Technology.ppt

Technology Material, this ppt is all about basic hand tools in Automotive Industry. This can help the students to gain more knowledge about the basic hand tools and sample hand tools in Automotive Engineering Technology. This topic discusses about different basic hand tools that can help the students in learning new more skills in automotive Industry. Here are some basic hand tools and their functions:

1. Hand Saw: A hand saw is a versatile tool used for cutting wood, metal, and other materials. It consists of a blade with teeth and a handle.

2. Hacks aw: A hacksaw is a type of hand saw used for cutting metal pipes, tubes, and other metal objects. It has a U-shaped frame and a blade with teeth.

3. Pliers: Pliers are used for gripping and bending objects. There are different types of pliers, including needle-nose pliers, slip-joint pliers, and locking pliers.

4. Screwdrivers: Screwdrivers are used for driving screws and other fasteners. There are different types of screwdrivers, including flathead screwdrivers, Phillips-head screwdrivers, and Torx screwdrivers.

5. Hammer: A hammer is a basic hand tool used for driving nails, fitting parts together, and breaking apart objects. It consists of a handle and a head made of metal.

6. Tape Measure: A tape measure is a flexible ruler used for measuring distances and widths. It is commonly used in construction, carpentry, and other trades.

7. Level: A level is a tool used for ensuring that surfaces are perfectly horizontal or vertical. It consists of a frame with a bubble in a liquid-filled tube.

8. Wrenches: Wrenches are used for tightening and loosening bolts and nuts. There are different types of wrenches, including adjustable wrenches, socket wrenches, and box-end wrenches.

9. Utility Knife: A utility knife is a versatile tool used for cutting various materials, including drywall, carpet, and roofing. It consists of a blade and a handle.

10. Socket Set: A socket set is a collection of sockets and a ratchet used for tightening and loosening bolts and nuts. It is commonly used in automotive and industrial applications.

1. Basic Hand Tools Basic Hand Tools
ELT
COLLISION REPAIR

2. 2
GoalsGoals
•identify and describe use of common identify and describe use of common
hand toolshand tools
•identify and describe use of vices and identify and describe use of vices and
clampsclamps
•identify and describe use of selected identify and describe use of selected
specialty toolsspecialty tools
•describe safe use of toolsdescribe safe use of tools
•describe maintenance and storage of describe maintenance and storage of
toolstools

3. 3

4. 4
¼ Inch Drive¼ Inch Drive
•Available in 6 or 12
point sockets
•Shallow, semi-deep
and deep sockets
available
•Maximum torque
range is approx. 20
ft lbs.

5. 5
3/8 Drive3/8 Drive
•Sockets come in 6
and 12 point
varieties
•Shallow, semi
deep, and deep
sockets
•Maximum torque
range is approx. 60
ft lbs.

6. 6
Universals Universals
•Come in all sizes,
¼, 3/8, and ½”
•Impact or chrome
finish
•Allow access to
difficult to reach
fasteners

7. 7
SocketsSockets
•Shallow
•Semi-deep
•Deep
•6 point
•12 point
•Impact
•Chrome

8. 8
Sockets Sockets
•Available in shallow,
semi-deep and
deep configurations
•Impact or chrome
finish
•6, 8, or 12 point
types

9. 9
Identify Basic Hand ToolsIdentify Basic Hand Tools

10. 10
WrenchesWrenches
•Top quality wrenches are forged from
fine-grade tool steel, machined to
close tolerances, hardened and
tempered for long service life.
•Types include open-end, box- end,
combination box/open end,
adjustable, socket and locking grip
styles.

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Box open
Double open ended
Double box end

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Offset wrenchOffset wrench
40°

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6 and 12 point ends6 and 12 point ends
•See how much greater
flexibility a 12 point
box end gives the
operator
•12 point gives the
advantage of moving
the fastener in 30°
degree increments as
opposed to 60° for the
6 point

14. 14
Box-end WrenchesBox-end Wrenches
•Made to grip all sides of nut or bolt head
•Prevents slippage
•Must be slipped over the end of nut or
bolt-head
•Box end wrenches will normally have two
different sizes per wrench
•Size of wrench refers to nut or bolt head
dimensions

15. 15
Box-end WrenchesBox-end Wrenches
•Available as 6 or12 point design
•6 point gives better grip
•12 point gives more versatility as it is
only required to turn 30
0
to its next
available position while 6 point must
turn 60
0
•Available as ratchet design

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Open-end wrenchesOpen-end wrenches
•do not provide as strong a grip as a box-
ended wrench
•slip on the nut or bolt head from the side
•two flat surfaces parallel to each other hold
onto parallel sides of nut or bolt-head
•tend to slip or round the corners if too
much pressure is required
•easier to use most instances

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Double Open EndDouble Open End
•Wrench angle may
vary from 15-80
degrees
•Wrench will have
two different sizes
listed on the
handle

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Combination WrenchCombination Wrench
•box end on one end and open end on
the other
•both ends will usually be the same size
•gives the advantage of wrench that
will not slip as easily to start a nut, but
one that is easier to slide on and off
the nut once it has been loosened

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Adjustable WrenchAdjustable Wrench
•(crescent wrench)
•has provision for adjusting the opening
for different size nuts or bolt heads
•length of wrench will correspond with
jaw capacity
•do not use where components are tight
and will require sizeable force to break
them free

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Adjustable WrenchAdjustable Wrench
•unless jaw is tightened to nut, etc,
there is potential for slipping on
fastener, which will usually damage
fastener
•do not use on brass or soft material

24. 24
Adjustable WrenchAdjustable Wrench
•for light loads can be used in either
direction
•greatest strength is with pressure
being applied to side of wrench with
fixed jaw
•adjustment mechanism should be
cleaned periodically and lightly oiled

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Tubing WrenchTubing Wrench
•half way between a box-end and
combination wrench
•designed to grab on five of the six sides
of a fitting
•especially designed for used on line
fittings
•always use for brass and copper fittings
•less chance of damage to fitting

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Socket WrenchSocket Wrench
•come in a great variety
•designed to fit around the fastener
and give force to all sides
•will fit into recesses
•have swivel attachments
•deep sockets where longer number
of threads are showing

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30. 30

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Socket WrenchSocket Wrench
•different number of points available
•4 and 8 point sockets are designed
for 4 sided fasteners
•6 and 12 point sockets are designed
for 6 sided fasteners
•4 and 6 point sockets will be stronger
because of the amount of metal

32. 32
Socket WrenchSocket Wrench
•two types of construction - regular and
impact
•impact sockets are designed for use with
impact wrenches
•thicker walls and heavier construction allow
them to absorb the shock of an impact gun
•impact sockets are not chrome plated as the
plating may crack and flake off
•never use regular sockets with impact tool

33. 33
Socket WrenchSocket Wrench
•sockets attach to a handle with a square
drive
•common drive sizes range from 1/4” to 3/4”
•drive handle are the same for both metric
and imperial
•several types of handles available
•flex handle, ratchet, speed
•many adapters available
•extensions, u-joints etc.

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Pipe WrenchPipe Wrench
•used for turning pipe and other round objects
•teeth on the jaw will dig into the the material
being tightened and may damage it
•do not use a pipe wrench to turn a bolt or a
nut unless the components is already
damaged
•do no use on hardened surfaces - may dull or
chip the jaw teeth

39. 39

40. 40
Hexagon Key WrenchHexagon Key Wrench
(Allen Wrench)(Allen Wrench)
•Six sides - L-shaped
•fit into a hexagon hole in a Allen
screw
•available as imperial or metric
•sized according to distance between
parallel sides
•available as socket style wrenches

41. 41
Hexagon Key WrenchHexagon Key Wrench
(Allen Wrench)(Allen Wrench)
•use the short end of the wrench on the
screw for breaking loose or final tightening
•use the long end of the wrench in the
screw to spin the tools quickly for fast
removal and install of allen screw
•Allen screws usually need to be only
released one or two turns to loosen the
part they are holding

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Maintaining WrenchesMaintaining Wrenches
•Keep clean - dirty wrenches can slip and
cause damage and contamination of the
work piece
•Always use the correct size and type of
wrench for the job
•Do not use a hammer on a wrench
•Do not use a pipe or other means of
extending a wrench for greater
leverage

45. 45
Maintaining Wrenches Maintaining Wrenches
(cont’d)(cont’d)
•Adjustable wrenches and pipe wrenches
should be cleaned and lightly oiled
•Do not use a wrench as a hammer
•Do not use a socket as a bushing driver
•Hexagon or Allen wrenches can be
reconditioned when the tip becomes
damaged
•Grind back to obtain a true hexagon shape

46. 46
Maintaining Wrenches Maintaining Wrenches
(cont’d)(cont’d)
•Hexagon or Allen wrenches can be
reconditioned when the tip becomes
damaged
•Grind back to obtain a true hexagon
size and shape
•Keep cool during grinding to avoid
removing temper

47. 47
PliersPliers
•pliers available as many different
types and sizes
•used for holding, gripping, cutting,
and crimping
•usually forged from hardened steel
and then machined

48. 48
Slip-joint PliersSlip-joint Pliers
•most common general purpose pliers
•adjusted to two size of jaw openings
•jaws have hardened cross teeth to help
in gripping the object
•jaws can damage soft materials
•never use pliers for turning nuts or bolts
•teeth will round off corners and damage
bolt or nut

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51. 51
Interlocking Slip-joint PliersInterlocking Slip-joint Pliers
•commonly referred to as water pump
pliers or channel locks
•can be opened to a number of
positions while keeping the jaws
parallel with each other
•longer handles to aid in gripping
when opened for larger objects

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53. 53
Needle-nose PliersNeedle-nose Pliers
•available in a variety of sizes
•some incorporate a wire cutter
•used to hold objects that are in tight
confines, etc.
•available as round nose pliers
•useful for bending wires into curves

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56. 56
Side Cutting PliersSide Cutting Pliers
•diagonal cut head or face
•hardened steel cutting edges
•allow to cut wire etc. close to the
surface

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59. 59
Locking PliersLocking Pliers
•commonly called vise-grips
•useful for holding panels or sheet
metal in place
•can hold objects in place when you
are working alone and cannot reach
both inside and outside at same time
•Very common in Collision Repair
•straight, curved, needle nose, flat

60. 60

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Specialized PliersSpecialized Pliers
•many different types of pliers
available
•electrical pliers (cutters, strippers and
crimpers)
•battery terminal pliers
•ignition pliers
•snap ring pliers

63. 63
Electrical PliersElectrical Pliers
•Cutters, strippers and crimpers
•available for different types of wire
•some are multi-function
•better quality units are individual
such as stripper or cutter only

64. 64

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66. 66

67. 67
Snap Ring PliersSnap Ring Pliers
•two types - external snap rings and
external snap rings
•internal snap rings require contracting jaws
•external snap rings require expanding jaws
•some will have serrated jaw surfaces to
prevent the snap ring from slipping, while
others have tips on the end of the jaws to
fit in holes in the snap rings

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70. 70
Metal Cutting SnipsMetal Cutting Snips
•Available in several different styles
•Aviation snips come in red, green and
yellow
•red and green typically to cut curves
•red and green cutting different
directions of curve

71. 71
Metal Cutting Snips (cont’d)Metal Cutting Snips (cont’d)
•Using these snips the jaws are curved so
that the metal being cut off will curve up
out of the way
•the whole snip, except lower jaw will be
above the material being cut
•this will mean that you do need both red
and green depending on the direction that
you are cutting through the material

72. 72
Metal Cutting Tools

73. 73
Metal Cutting ToolsMetal Cutting Tools
Aviation Shears Tin Snips

74. 74
Maintaining PliersMaintaining Pliers
•Pliers are not made to withstand pressures
greater than normal hand pressure
•Never attempt to cut large screws or bolts
with electrical or side cutter pliers
•Never attempt to cut hardened material
with pliers
•Never put excessive side pressure on
needle-nose pliers

75. 75
Maintaining Pliers (cont’d)Maintaining Pliers (cont’d)
•Never use pliers for turning nuts and
bolts, as the teeth will round off the
corners and damage the nut or bolt
•Lubricate the swivel point with a light
oil
•Keep the pliers clean

76. 76
ScrewdriversScrewdrivers
•great variety of screwdrivers types and
sizes available
•length of screwdriver is measured form
to to where handle joins the blade
•shorter screwdrivers known as stubbies
•most screwdrivers bits available for
screw guns or as socket wrenches

77. 77

78. 78
Blade ScrewdriversBlade Screwdrivers
•blade screwdrivers are made to fit
screws with a single slot
•size of screw head and slot are the
deciding factors for the screwdriver
selection
•screwdriver blade should fit the slot
both in width and depth

79. 79
Blade ScrewdriversBlade Screwdrivers
•too thin of a blade is likely to damage
the screwdriver
•too thick of a blade is likely to damage
the screw
•too wide of a blade is likely to damage
the material around the screw head
•too narrow of a blade is likely to
damage the screwdriver

80. 80

81. 81
Phillips ScrewdriversPhillips Screwdrivers
•tip is shaped as an X or cross
•the size of the screwdriver blade must
correspond to the size of the screw head
•sizes 0, 1, 2, 3, & 4 available
•0 being the smallest and 4 being the
largest
•using the wrong size screwdriver may
damage screw, screwdriver and surface

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83. 83
Robertson ScrewdriversRobertson Screwdrivers
•tips in the shape of a square with
screw having a recess for tip
•size of screwdriver must correspond
to the size of screw
•sizes 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, & 4 available
•handles are color coordinated for
ease of selection

84. 84
Robertson ScrewdriversRobertson Screwdrivers
•orange00no. 1 & 2 screws
•yellow0no. 3 & 4 screws
•green1no. 5, 6, & 7 screws
•red 2no. 8, 9, & 10 screws
•black3no. 12 & 14 screws
•black 4no. 16 & larger

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86. 86
Clutch ScrewdriversClutch Screwdrivers
•screwdriver head and tip must match
•not common in the automotive
industry
•some U.S. built RV coaches use them
•available in 6 sizes from 3/32” to
5/16”

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88. 88
Torx ScrewdriversTorx Screwdrivers
•screw head and screwdriver tip must
match
•looks like an allen wrench will fit, but
they are not compatible
•very strong type of head
•available as socket wrenches for a more
positive drive even with impact drivers

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90. 90
Maintaining ScrewdriversMaintaining Screwdrivers
•Always use the right type of screwdriver for
the screw
•Always use the right size of screwdriver
head for the screw
•Never use a screwdriver as a punch, prying
tool, scraper of chisel
•screwdrivers that are damaged or the
wrong size or type may damage the user or
the material being worked on or the screw
head

91. 91
Maintaining Screwdrivers Maintaining Screwdrivers
(cont’d)(cont’d)
•Screwdriver bits are available for use
in reversible drills
•Screwdriver bits are also available as
sockets, to enable you to put more
torque on a fitting

92. 92
Drill bitsDrill bits
•Drill bits are available in clockwise
and counter clockwise rotation for
different applications
–boring holes, bolt extraction
•Other types may have specific
applications for cutting different
materials
–metal, plastic, wood

93. 93
Common Body Shop Drill Common Body Shop Drill
BitsBits
•Conventional bit

94. 94
Stepped Drill BitStepped Drill Bit

95. 95
Twist drillTwist drill
lip clearance angle
margin
land
flute
cutting lip
flute
dead centre
10-12°

96. 96
Twist DrillTwist Drill